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a) Trục căn thức ở mỗi số hạng của biểu thức A,ta có:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}}\)=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}}{1-2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}{2-3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}-...+\frac{\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2008}}{2007-2008}\)
= \(-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+...-\left(\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2008}\right)\)
=\(-1-\sqrt{2008}\)
b)Ta xét số hạng tổng quát: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)=\(\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào biểu thức B ta được:
B= \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{120}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{121}}=1-\frac{1}{11}\)= \(\frac{10}{11}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{4}}-....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2006}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2008}-\sqrt{2007}}\)
\(=\frac{-1\cdot\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}\right)}{2-1}+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{3-2}-\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}\right)}{4-3}+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{4}\right)}{5-4}-...+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2006}\right)}{2007-2006}-\frac{1 \left(\sqrt{2008}+\sqrt{2007}\right)}{2008-2007}\)
\(=-1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}-...+\sqrt{2006}+\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}\)
\(=-1-\sqrt{2008}\)
\(\frac{B}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{\frac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{2}}}+\frac{\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{\frac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{2}}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}{2}}}+\frac{\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{2}}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{2}}}+\frac{\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{2}}}=\frac{\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{\sqrt{3}+3}{\sqrt{2}}}+\frac{\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right).\sqrt{2}}{2\cdot\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)}+\frac{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right).\sqrt{2}}{2.\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
=> \(B=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{3-\sqrt{3}}=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}+\frac{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{6}+\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{6}=1\)
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Vài chỗ mình làm vắn tắt không hiểu cứ hỏi nhé, còn kết quả mình ấn máy tính ra chính xác rùi :)
Xét biểu thức phụ : \(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}+k\left(\sqrt{k+1}\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(k+1-k\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\)
Áp dụng : \(\frac{1}{2.\sqrt{1}+1.\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{5\sqrt{4}+4\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{2012\sqrt{2011}+2011\sqrt{2012}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\)
b/ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(=\sqrt{n+1}-1\)
Câu a quy đồng từ từ từ phải qua trái là ra
