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Ta có
\(\frac{a^2-bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{a^2+ab-bc-ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{a\cdot\left(a+b\right)-b\cdot\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{a}{a+c}-\frac{b}{a+b}\left(1\right)\)
tương tự
\(\frac{b^2-bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{c}{b+c}\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{c^2-ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{c}{c+b}-\frac{a}{a+b}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1);(2) và (3) ta có
\(\frac{a^2-bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b^2-ac}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2-ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(c+b\right)}=\frac{a}{a+c}-\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+b}-\frac{a}{a+b}=0 \)
Ta có:
\(a^2+ac-b^2-bc=\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(ac-bc\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)(1)
\(b^2+ab-c^2-ac=\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(ab-ac\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)(2)
\(c^2+bc-a^2-ab=\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(bc-ab\right)\)
\(=\left(c-a\right)\left(a+c\right)+b\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)(3)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2+ac-b^2-bc\right)}\)\(+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2+ab-c^2-ac\right)}\)\(+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2+bc-a^2-ab\right)}\)(*)
Thế (1),(2),(3) vào (*)
=>\(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(c-a\right)+\left(a-b\right)+\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
Dễ thôi bạn chỉ cần quy đồng thôi
\(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2+ac-b^2-bc\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2+ab-c^2-ac\right)}+\)\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2+bc-a^2-ab\right)}\)
=\(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)\(+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
=\(\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
Ta có :\(\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2+bc-a^2-ab\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left[\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(bc-ab\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2+ac-b^2-bc\right)=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2+ab-c^2-ac\right)=\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(MTC=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-s\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Kí hiệu biểu thức đã cho bởi \(Q\),ta có :
\(Q=\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{c\left(ab+1\right)^2}{b^2\left(bc+1\right)}+\frac{a\left(bc+1\right)^2}{c^2\left(ca+1\right)}+\frac{b\left(ca+1\right)^2}{a^2\left(ab+1\right)}\) và \(x=ab+1;\) \(y=bc+1;\) \(z=ca+1\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)
Khi đó, với các giá trị tương ứng trên thì biểu thức \(A\) trở thành: \(A=\frac{cx^2}{b^2y}+\frac{ay^2}{c^2z}+\frac{bz^2}{a^2x}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho bộ ba phân số không âm của biểu thức trên (do \(a,b,c>0\)), ta có:
\(A=\frac{cx^2}{b^2y}+\frac{ay^2}{c^2z}+\frac{bz^2}{a^2x}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{cx^2}{b^2y}.\frac{ay^2}{c^2z}.\frac{bz^2}{a^2z}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz}{abc}}\) \(\left(\text{**}\right)\)
Mặt khác, do \(ab+1\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) (bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho hai số \(a,b\) luôn dương)
nên \(x\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) \(\left(1\right)\) (theo cách đặt ở \(\left(\text{*}\right)\))
Hoàn toàn tương tự với vòng hoán vị \(a\) \(\rightarrow\) \(b\) \(\rightarrow\) \(c\) và với chú ý cách đặt ở \(\left(\text{*}\right)\), ta cũng có:
\(y\ge2\sqrt{bc}\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(z\ge2\sqrt{ca}\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Nhân từng vế \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\), ta được \(xyz\ge2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ca}=8abc\)
Do đó, \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz}{abc}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{8abc}{abc}}=3\sqrt[3]{8}=6\) \(\left(\text{***}\right)\)
Từ \(\left(\text{**}\right)\) và \(\left(\text{***}\right)\) suy ra được \(A\ge6\), tức \(\frac{c\left(ab+1\right)^2}{b^2\left(bc+1\right)}+\frac{a\left(bc+1\right)^2}{c^2\left(ca+1\right)}+\frac{b\left(ca+1\right)^2}{a^2\left(ab+1\right)}\ge6\) (điều phải chứng minh)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a=b=c=1\)
Xét \(\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2+ac-b^2-bc\right)=\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2+ab-c^2-ac\right)=\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2+bc-a^2-ab\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
=> \(P=\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(c-a\right)+\left(a-b\right)+\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2\left(b-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b-b-c\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\)
\(ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2\)
\(=b^2\left(a-b\right)-c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Vậy \(\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{a-c}{b+c}\)
Có a2(b-c) + b2(c-a) + c2(a-b)
= a2(b-c) - b2(a-c) + c2(a-b)
= a2(b-c) - b2(b-c+a-b) + c2(a-b)
= a2(b-c) - b2(b-c) - b2(a-b) + c2(a-b)
=[a2(b-c) - b2(b-c)] - [b2(a-b) - c2(a-b)]
=(b-c)(a2-b2) - (a-b)(b2-c2)
=(b-c)(a-b)(a+b) - (a-b)(b-c)(b+c)
=(b-c)(a-b)[(a+b)-(b+c)]
=(b-c)(a-b)(a-c)
Có ab2 - ac2 - b3 + bc2
= (ab2-ac2) - (b3-bc2)
=a(b2-c2) - b(b2-c2)
=(b2-c2)(a-b)
=(b-c)(b+c)(a-b)
Có a2(b-c) + b2(c-a) + c2(a-b) / ab2 - ac2 - b3 + bc2
= (b-c)(a-b)(a-c) / (b-c)(b+c)(a-b)
= (a-c) / (b+c)
\(a^2+ac-b^2-bc=\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(ac-bc\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)=\)\(\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(b^2+ab-c^2-ac=\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(c^2+bc-a^2-ab=\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(Q=\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
cảm ơn b nha ^^