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Xét biểu thức phụ : \(\frac{1}{\left(2n+3\right)\sqrt{2n+1}+\left(2n+1\right)\sqrt{2n+3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2n+1}.\sqrt{2n+3}\left(\sqrt{2n+1}+\sqrt{2n+3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2n+3}-\sqrt{2n+1}}{\sqrt{2n+1}.\sqrt{2n+3}\left[\left(2n+3\right)-\left(2n+1\right)\right]}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2n+3}-\sqrt{2n+1}}{2\sqrt{2n+1}.\sqrt{2n+3}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2n+1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2n+3}}\right)\)với \(n\ge1\)
Áp dụng : \(S=\frac{1}{3\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{5}+5\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{5\sqrt{7}+7\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{101\sqrt{103}+103\sqrt{101}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\right)+...+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{101}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{103}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{101}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{103}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{103}}\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{81}}\right)\)
Cộng các bất đẳng thức trên lại với nhau, ta được:
\(A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{81}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{80}}{81-80}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{80}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{81}-1\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(9-1\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot8=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>4\)(đpcm)
+ \(2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< 2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\) \(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>2\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{2}\right)>17\)
+ \(A< 2\left(\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)\Rightarrow A< 2\left(\sqrt{100}-1\right)=18\)
Áp dụng
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
có phải không?
trời ơi mk mà lm đc chắc đi thi hsg thế giới mất !!!