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Tìm GTLN:
\(A=-x^2+6x-15\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x+15\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2.x.3+9+6\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+3\right)^2-6\le0\forall x\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi:
\(x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
Vậy Amax = - 6 tại x = 3
Tìm GTNN :
\(A=x^2-4x+7\)
\(=x^2+2.x.2+4+3\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+3\ge0\forall x\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi:
\(x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
Vậy Amin = 3 tại x = - 2
Các câu còn lại làm tương tự nhé... :)
Bài 2:
a: \(A=x^2+8x\)
\(=x^2+8x+16-16\)
\(=\left(x+4\right)^2-16\ge-16\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-4
b: \(B=-2x^2+8x-15\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-4x+\dfrac{15}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-4x+4+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x-2\right)^2-7\le-7\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2
c: \(C=x^2-4x+7\)
\(=x^2-4x+4+3\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+3\ge3\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2
e: \(E=x^2-6x+y^2-2y+12\)
\(=x^2-6x+9+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=1
Bài 1.
a)
\((x-2)(2x-1)-(2x-3)(x-1)-2\\=2x^2-x-4x+2-(2x^2-2x-3x+3)-2\\=2x^2-5x+2-(2x^2-5x+3)-2\\=2x^2-5x+2-2x^2+5x-3-2\\=(2x^2-2x^2)+(-5x+5x)+(2-3-2)\\=-3\)
b)
\(x(x+3y+1)-2y(x-1)-(y+x+1)x\\=x^2+3xy+x-2xy+2y-xy-x^2-x\\=(x^2-x^2)+(3xy-2xy-xy)+(x-x)+2y\\=2y\)
Bài 2.
a)
\((14x^3+12x^2-14x):2x=(x+2)(3x-4)\\\Leftrightarrow 14x^3:2x+12x^2:2x-14x:2x=3x^2-4x+6x-8\\ \Leftrightarrow 7x^2+6x-7=3x^2+2x-8\\\Leftrightarrow (7x^2-3x^2)+(6x-2x)+(-7+8)=0\\\Leftrightarrow 4x^2+4x+1=0\\\Leftrightarrow (2x)^2+2\cdot 2x\cdot 1+1^2=0\\\Leftrightarrow (2x+1)^2=0\\\Leftrightarrow 2x+1=0\\\Leftrightarrow 2x=-1\\\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}2\)
b)
\((4x-5)(6x+1)-(8x+3)(3x-4)=15\\\Leftrightarrow 24x^2+4x-30x-5-(24x^2-32x+9x-12)=15\\\Leftrightarrow 24x^2-26x-5-(24x^2-23x-12)=15\\\Leftrightarrow 24x^2-26x-5-24x^2+23x+12=15\\\Leftrightarrow -3x+7=15\\\Leftrightarrow -3x=8\\\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-8}3\\Toru\)
\(A=x^2-6x+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot3+3^2-9+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\ge1\) \(\forall x\in z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A_{min}=1khix=3\)
\(B=3x^2-12x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(\sqrt{3}x\right)^2-2\cdot\sqrt{3}x\cdot2\sqrt{3}+\left(2\sqrt{3}\right)^2-12+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(\sqrt{3}x-2\sqrt{3}\right)^2-11\ge-11\) \(\forall x\in z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B_{min}=-11khix=2\)
b, \(\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{5}{x-2}=\frac{15}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}\left(ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm1;x\ne2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{5}{2-x}=\frac{15}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)+5\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\frac{15\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}\)
Suy ra:
\(\Leftrightarrow\)(x+1)(2-x)+5(x-1)(x+1) = 15(x-1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)2x-x2-x+2+5x2-5 = 15x-15
\(\Leftrightarrow\)2x-x2-x+5x2-15x = -15+5-2
\(\Leftrightarrow\)4x2-14x = -12
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-14x+12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-8x-6x+12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)4x(x-2) - 6(x-2) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(4x-6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\4x-6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(kotm\right)\\x=\frac{3}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất x = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Bài 5:
a) \(A=x^2-4x+9=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)
\(minA=5\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=x^2-x+1=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(minB=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(C=2x^2-6x=2\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\ge-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(minC=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 4:
a) \(M=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
\(maxM=7\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(N=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(maxN=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(P=2x-2x^2-5=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\le-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(maxP=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{4x^2-12x+15}{x^2-3x+3}=4+\frac{3}{x^2-3x+3}=4+\frac{3}{\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}}\le8\)
dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(B=\frac{4x^2-8x+12}{x^2-2x+5}=4-\frac{8}{x^2-2x+5}=4-\frac{8}{\left(x-1\right)^2+4}\le2\)
dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=1\)