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Chỉ cần áp dụng một vài BĐT thôi :)
Có: \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\ge x^2+y^2\)
Áp dụng các BĐT trên vào CM Bđt cần Cm:
\(\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{3}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}}+\frac{3}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{3}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{7}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{7}{\frac{1}{2}}=14\)
Vậy ... đpcm
áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)}\)
ta có:
\(\frac{3}{xy+yz+xz}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{6}{2xy+2yz+2zx}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2\ge14\left(đpcm\right)\)
vì x+y+z=1nên
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\)\(\frac{x+y+z}{x}+\frac{x+y+z}{y}+\frac{x+y+z}{z}\)\(=3+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)=\(3+\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{yz}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\)
nen \(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) =\(\left(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2}{4xy}\right)+\left(\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{4yz}\right)+\left(\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\)(dpcm)
dau = xay ra khi x=y=z=1/3
\(3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz\le1\)
\(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\le\frac{x^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{y^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{z^2+1+1}{3}=3\)
Ta co:
\(A=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x\sqrt[3]{x}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{y\sqrt[3]{y}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{z\sqrt[3]{z}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\ge x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A\ge3\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\ge\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\left(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz, ta có: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)(Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\))
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz.1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx.1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy.1}}\)
\(\ge\frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}+\frac{y}{\frac{z+x+1}{3}}+\frac{z}{\frac{x+y+1}{3}}\)\(=\frac{3x}{y+z+1}+\frac{3y}{z+x+1}+\frac{3z}{x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{3x^2}{xy+zx+x}+\frac{3y^2}{yz+xy+y}+\frac{3z^2}{zx+yz+z}\)\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz dạng Engle)
\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(9=x+y+xy+1=(x+1)(y+1)\leq \left(\frac{x+y+2}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 4\leq x+y\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^3+4x\geq 4x^2; y^3+4y\geq 4y^2\)
\(\frac{x}{4}+\frac{1}{x}\geq 1; \frac{y}{4}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+x^2+y^2+5(x+y)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 5(x^2+y^2)+\frac{3}{4}(x+y)+2\)
Mà:
\(5(x^2+y^2)\geq 5.\frac{(x+y)^2}{2}\geq 5.\frac{4^2}{2}=40\)
\(\frac{3}{4}(x+y)\geq \frac{3}{4}.4=3\)
\(\Rightarrow A= x^3+y^3+x^2+y^2+5(x+y)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 40+3+2=45\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=45\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)
Bài 2:
\(B=\frac{a^2}{a-1}+\frac{2b^2}{b-1}+\frac{3c^2}{c-1}\)
\(B-24=\frac{a^2}{a-1}-4+\frac{2b^2}{b-1}-8+\frac{3c^2}{c-1}-12\)
\(=\frac{a^2-4a+4}{a-1}+\frac{2(b^2-4b+4)}{b-1}+\frac{3(c^2-4c+4)}{c-1}\)
\(=\frac{(a-2)^2}{a-1}+\frac{2(b-2)^2}{b-1}+\frac{3(c-2)^2}{c-1}\geq 0, \forall a,b,c>1\)
\(\Rightarrow B\geq 24\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=24\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{2-2xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{2x^2-2y}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{2y^2-2x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{2-2xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+1-\frac{2x^2-2y}{1+2x^2+y^2}+1-\frac{2y^2-2x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le3\)(*)
Theo bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức: \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}\le\frac{x^2}{1+x^2}+\frac{y^2}{1+y^2}\)(1); \(\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}\le\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2+1}\)(2); \(\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le\)\(\left(\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\right)=3\)
Như vậy (*) đúng
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1
\(\frac{1-xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2-y^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^2-x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-xy+3x^2-2y^2-2y^2+x}{\left(1+x^2+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(1+x^2+y^2\right)+x^2}{1+x^2+y^2}\ge0\)
Vì x2 và y2 >0
\(\Rightarrow2+\frac{x^2}{1+x^2+y^2}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
a/ Nhân cả tử và mẫu của từng phân số với liên hợp của nó và rút gọn:
\(VT=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a+2}+\sqrt{a+2}-\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\)
\(=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}}\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{x}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}+\frac{y}{y\left(x+y+z\right)+zx}+\frac{z}{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) (1)
Mặt khác ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Thật vậy, \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)+xyz\)
Mà \(xyz\le\frac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\) (theo AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\le\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\) (đpcm)
Thay vào (1) \(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(VT=\sum\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\sum\frac{x^2}{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}\le\frac{1}{4}\sum\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\right)\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xyz}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(VT=3\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\frac{1}{2xy}\ge\frac{12}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(x+y^2\right)}=14\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
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