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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}\geq \frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}-\frac{a}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+c^2}-\frac{b}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab(a-b)+ac(a-c)}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}+\frac{ba(b-a)+bc(b-c)}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}+\frac{ca(c-a)+cb(c-b)}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a-b)\left(\frac{1}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}-\frac{1}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}\right)+bc(b-c)\left(\frac{1}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}-\frac{1}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}\right)+ca(c-a)\left(\frac{1}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}-\frac{1}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a-b).\frac{(a-b)(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}+bc(b-c).\frac{(b-c)(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}+ca(c-a).\frac{(c-a)(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)\left[\frac{(a-b)^2}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}+\frac{(b-c)^2}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}+\frac{(c-a)^2}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}\right]\geq 0\)
(luôn đúng)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
2) Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet, trong ba số \(a^2-1;b^2-1;c^2-1\) có ít nhất hai số nằm cùng phía với 1.
Giả sử đó là a2 - 1 và b2 - 1. Khi đó \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+3a^2+3b^2+9\ge4a^2+4b^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\) (2)
Mà \(4\left[\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\right]\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (3)(Áp dụng Bunhicopxki và cái ngoặc vuông)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có đpcm.
Sai thì chịu
Xí quên bài 2 b:v
b) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(b^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2+\frac{1}{16}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\frac{5}{4}a^2+\frac{5}{4}b^2+\frac{15}{16}\)
Hay \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{2}c+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
mình nghĩ đề bài sai một chỗ :\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}\)chứ ko phải là \(\frac{a}{b^2}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}-\frac{b^2}{b+a}-\frac{c^2}{b+c}-\frac{a^2}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a^2}{a+b}-\frac{b^2}{b+a}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{b+c}-\frac{c^2}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{c+a}-\frac{a^2}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=a-b+b-c+c-a=0\)
Từ đây ta suy ra được
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}\le\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\\\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\end{cases}}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(|a|=|b|=|c|\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+b+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+c\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}+a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+b\left(\frac{b}{a+c}+1\right)+c\left(\frac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}\right)+b\left(\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{a}{b+c}+\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{b}{c+a}+\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{3}{2}+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+2b+2c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}b+c+c+a+a+b\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\\\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân từng vế :
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right).\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy với a ,b ,c > 0 thì \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho các số thực không âm ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}\times\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\) (1)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{a+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{a+c}\times\frac{a+c}{4}}=b\) (2)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}\times\frac{a+b}{4}}=c\) (3)
Cộng (1),(2) và (3),vế theo vế ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :a=b=c
Vậy \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) với a,b,c >0
Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử: \(c=min\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)chú ý rằng
\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum } \)\(_{cyc}\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+c^2}-3=\frac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2-c^2\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)
\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum }\)\(_{cyc}\frac{a+b}{b+c}-3=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
BĐT tương đương với
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right]+\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\)\(\left[\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right]\ge0\)
Ta có \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge0\)
Ta cần chứng minh
\(\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge1\)
Nếu \(a\ge b\ge c\)thì
\(\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2}\ge1\)
Nếu \(b\ge a\ge c\)thì:
\(\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{b\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2}\ge1\)
BĐT được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c hoặc a=b, c=0 hoặc các hoán vị tương ứng
Bạn kia chứng minh kiểu gì nhỉ, rõ ràng cho [a = 1086, b = 1000, c = 1/100] thì đề sai