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\(a)4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^2} - 2.2{\rm{x}}.3y + {\left( {3y} \right)^2} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)^2}\)
\(b){x^3} + 9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 27{\rm{x}} + 27 = {x^3} + 3.{x^2}.3 + 3.x{.3^2} + {3^3} = {\left( {x + 3} \right)^3}\)
\(c)8{y^3} - 12{y^2} + 6y - 1 = {\left( {2y} \right)^3} - 3.{\left( {2y} \right)^2}.1 + 3.2y{.1^2} - {1^3} = {\left( {2y - 1} \right)^3}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}d) {\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)^2} - 4{y^2}\\ = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)^2} - {\left( {2y} \right)^2}\\ = \left( {2{\rm{x}} + y + 2y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y - 2y} \right) = \left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\end{array}\)
\(e) 27{y^3} + 8 = {\left( {3y} \right)^3} + {2^3} = \left( {3y + 2} \right)\left( {9{y^2} - 6y + 4} \right)\)
\(g) 64 - 125{{\rm{x}}^3} = {4^3} - {\left( {5{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} = \left( {4 - 5{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {16 + 20{\rm{x}} + 25{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)\)
\(8{{\rm{x}}^3} - 36{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 54{\rm{x}}{y^2} - 27{y^3} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} - 3.\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right).3y + 3.2{\rm{x}}.{\left( {3y} \right)^2} - {\left( {3y} \right)^3} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)^3}\)
a) \({a^3} + 12{{\rm{a}}^2} + 48{\rm{a}} + 64 \\= {a^3} + 3{{\rm{a}}^2}.4 + 3{\rm{a}}{.4^2} + {4^3} \\= {\left( {a + 4} \right)^3}\)
b) \({x^3} - 9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 27{\rm{x}} - 27 \\= {x^3} - 3.{x^2}.3 + 3.x{.3^2} - {3^3} \\= {\left( {x - 3} \right)^3}\)
c) \(8{{\rm{a}}^3} - 12{{\rm{a}}^2}b + 6{\rm{a}}{b^2} - {b^3} \\= {\left( {2{\rm{a}}} \right)^2} - 3.{\left( {2{\rm{a}}} \right)^2}.b + 3.2{\rm{a}}.{b^2} - {b^3} \\= {\left( {2{\rm{a}} - b} \right)^3}\)
d) \(27{{\rm{x}}^3} + 54{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 36{\rm{x}}{y^2} + 8{y^3}\\= {\left( {3{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} + 3.{\left( {3{\rm{x}}} \right)^2}.2y + 3.3{\rm{x}}.{\left( {2y} \right)^2} + {\left( {2y} \right)^3} \\= {\left( {3{\rm{x}} + 2y} \right)^3}\)
\(a){x^2} + \dfrac{1}{2}x + \dfrac{1}{{16}} \\= {x^2} + 2.x.\dfrac{1}{4} + {\left( {\dfrac{1}{4}} \right)^2} \\= {\left( {x + \dfrac{1}{4}} \right)^2}\)
\(b)25{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{\rm{x}}y + {y^2} \\= {\left( {5{\rm{x}}} \right)^2} - 2.5{\rm{x}}.y + {y^2} \\= {\left( {5{\rm{x}} - y} \right)^2}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}c){x^3} + 9{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 27{\rm{x}}{y^2} + 27{y^3}\\ = {x^3} + 3{{\rm{x}}^2}.3y + 3.x.{\left( {3y} \right)^2} + {\left( {3y} \right)^3}\\ = {\left( {x + 3y} \right)^3}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}d)64{{\rm{x}}^3} - 48{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 12{\rm{x}}{y^2} - {y^3}\\ = {\left( {4{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} - 3.{\left( {4{\rm{x}}} \right)^2}.y + 3.4{\rm{x}}.{y^2} - {y^3}\\ = {\left( {4{\rm{x}} - y} \right)^3}\end{array}\)
\(a){\left( {x + 2y} \right)^2} - {\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)^2} = \left( {x + 2y + 2x - y} \right)\left( {x + 2y - 2{\rm{x}} + y} \right) = \left( {3{\rm{x}} + y} \right)\left( {3y - x} \right)\)
\(b)125 + {y^3} = {5^3} + {y^3} = \left( {5 + y} \right)\left( {25 - 5y + {y^2}} \right)\)
\(c)27{{\rm{x}}^3} - {y^3} = {\left( {3{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} - {y^3} = \left( {3{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\left( {9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right)\)
a) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}C = {\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)^2} + {\left( {3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)^2} - 2\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\\C = {\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)^2} - 2\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right) + {\left( {3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)^2}\\C = {\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1 - 3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)^2}\\C = {\left( { - 2} \right)^2} = 4\end{array}\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức C = 4 không phụ thuộc vào biến x
b) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}D = {\left( {x + 2} \right)^3} - {\left( {x - 2} \right)^3} - 12\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right) \\D = \left( {x + 2 - x + 2} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {x + 2} \right)}^2} + \left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right) + {{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}} \right] - 12{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12\\D = 4.\left( {{x^2} + 4{\rm{x}} + 4 + {x^2} - 4 + {x^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 4} \right) - 12{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12\\D = 4.\left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2} + 4} \right) - 12{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12\\D = 12{{\rm{x}}^2} + 16 - 12{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12 = 4\end{array}\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức D = 4 không phụ thuộc vào biến x
c) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}E = \left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 3{\rm{x}} + 9} \right) - \left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} + 4} \right)\\E = \left( {{x^3} + {3^3}} \right) - \left( {{x^3} - {2^2}} \right)\\E = {x^3} + 27 - {x^3} + 8 = 35\end{array}\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức E = 35 không phụ thuộc vào biến x
d) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}G = \left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right) - 8\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 4} \right)\\G = \left[ {{{\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)}^3} - {1^3}} \right] - 8\left( {{x^3} + {2^3}} \right)\\G = 8{{\rm{x}}^3} - 1 - 8{{\rm{x}}^3} - 64 = - 65\end{array}\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức G = -65 không phụ thuộc vào biến x.
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{4{\rm{x}} - 6}}{{5{{\rm{x}}^2} - x}}.\frac{{25{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{27 + 8{{\rm{x}}^3}}}\\ = \frac{{ - 2\left( {3 - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)}}{{x\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}.\frac{{{{\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {3 - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {9 + 6{\rm{x}} + 4{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 2\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{x\left( {9 + 6{\rm{x}} + 4{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)}}\\b)\frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}:\frac{{{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^3}}}{{{x^2} - 9}}\\ = \frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 9}}{{{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x + 5} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^3}}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right){{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)
\(a)27{{\rm{x}}^3} + 1 = {\left( {3{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} + 1 = \left( {3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right).\left[ {{{\left( {3{\rm{x}}} \right)}^2} - 3{\rm{x}}.1 + {1^2}} \right] = \left( {3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\left( {9{{\rm{x}}^2} - 3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\)
\(b)64 - 8{y^3} = {4^3} - {\left( {2y} \right)^3} = \left( {4 - 2y} \right)\left[ {{4^2} + 4.2y + {{\left( {2y} \right)}^2}} \right] = \left( {4 - 2y} \right)\left( {16 + 8y + 4{y^2}} \right)\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1}}{{4{\rm{x}} - 1}} = \frac{{8{{\rm{x}}^3} + 4{\rm{x}}}}{Q}\\ \Rightarrow Q = \frac{{\left( {8{{\rm{x}}^3} + 4{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1}}\\Q = \frac{{4{\rm{x}}\left( {2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1} \right)\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1}}\\Q = 4{\rm{x}}\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) = 16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4{\rm{x}}\end{array}\)
Đáp án D
a) \(25{{\rm{x}}^2} - 16 = {\left( {5{\rm{x}}} \right)^2} - {4^2} = \left( {5{\rm{x}} + 4} \right)\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)\)
b) \(8{{\rm{x}}^3} + 1 = {\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} + {1^3} = \left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\)
c) \(8{{\rm{x}}^3} - 125 = {\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} - {5^3} = \left( {2{\rm{x}} - 5} \right)\left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 10{\rm{x + }}25} \right)\)
d) \(27{{\rm{x}}^3} - {y^3} = {\left( {3x} \right)^3} - {y^3} = \left( {3{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\left( {9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right)\)
e) \(16{{\rm{a}}^2} - 9{b^2} = {\left( {4{\rm{a}}} \right)^2} - {\left( {3b} \right)^2} = \left( {4{\rm{a}} - 3b} \right)\left( {4{\rm{a}} + 3b} \right)\)
g) \(125{{\rm{x}}^3} + 27{y^3} = {\left( {5{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} + {\left( {3y} \right)^3} = \left( {5{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)\left( {25{{\rm{x}}^2} - 15{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2}} \right)\)