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2KOH+ H2SO4 ------> K2SO4+ 2H2O
0.2...........0.1...................0.1.........0.2
nH2SO4=(200.4.9%)/98=0.1 mol
a) VddKOH=\(\dfrac{0.2\cdot56}{1.12}\)=10 ml ( V=m/D)
b)mK2SO4=174*0.1=17.4 g
mddKOH=1.12*10=11.2 g (m=D*V)
c) mdd=200+11.2=211.2 g
=>C%K2SO4=(17.4*100)/211.2=8.24%
mKOH=28(g)
nKOH=0.5(mol)
PTHH:2KOH+H2SO4->K2SO4+2H2O
a)Theo pthh:nH2SO4=1/2 nKOH->nH2SO4=0.25(mol)
mH2SO4=0.25*98=24.5(g)
C%ddH2SO4=24.5/100*100=24.5%
theo pthh:nK2SO4=nH2SO4->nK2SO4=0.25(mol)
mK2SO4=0.25*(39*2+96)=43.5(g)
c)mdd sau phản ứng:200+100=300(g)
d) C% muối=43.5:300*100=14.5%
PTHH: \(2KOH\left(0,36\right)+H_2SO_4\left(0,18\right)\rightarrow K_2SO_4\left(0,18\right)+2H_2O\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.0,09=18\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{18}{98}\approx0,18\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,36}{2}=0,18l\)
b) \(m_{K_2SO_4}=0,18.174=31,32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddKOH}=1,12.0,18=0,2016\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ddsaupư}=m_{ddH_2SO_4}+m_{ddKOH}=200+0,2016=200,2016\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%ddK_2SO_4=\dfrac{31,32}{200,2016}.100\%\approx15,64\%\%\)
PTHH: \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,4\cdot56}{6\%}}{1,048}\approx356,2\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,3562}\approx0,36\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 0,2.........0,4........0,2.......0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56.100}{6}=\dfrac{1120}{3}\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1120}{3}}{1,048}=\dfrac{140000}{393}\left(ml\right)\approx0,356\left(l\right)\)
\(b.C_{MddK_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{\dfrac{140000}{393}+0,2}\approx0,00056\left(M\right)\)
Câu 16:
PTHH: \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,25\cdot1,5=0,375\left(mol\right)=n_{KOH}=n_{KCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,375}{2}=0,1875\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{KCl}}=\dfrac{0,375}{0,1875+0,25}\approx0,86\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 18:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,7\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KOH}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot56}{5,6\%}=600\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{600}{10,45}\approx57,42\left(ml\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{K_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot174}{600+200}\cdot100\%=6,525\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,75=0,075mol\\ H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,075 0,15 0,075 0,15
\(a)m_{K_2SO_4}=0,075.175=13,05mol\)
\(b)H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{NaOH}=0,075.2=0,15mol\\ m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,15.40}{15\%}\cdot100\%=40g\\ V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{40}{1,05}=38,1ml\)
Bài 1: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{9}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O
=> nKOH= 2nH2SO4 = \(\frac{18}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
=> Vdd KOH = \(\frac{18}{49}:\frac{2}{1000}=\frac{9000}{49}\left(ml\right)\)
b) nK2SO4 = nH2SO4 = \(\frac{9}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
=> mK2SO4= \(\frac{9}{49}\cdot174=\frac{1566}{49}\left(g\right)\)
mdd KOH = \(\frac{9000}{49}\cdot1,12=\frac{1440}{7}\left(g\right)\)
c) \(\%m_{K_2SO_4}=\frac{1566}{49}:\left(200+\frac{1440}{7}\right)\cdot100\%\approx7,87\%\)
bài 2: nNa2CO3 = 0,05 (mol)
PTHH:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
=> nHCl = n NaCl = 2nNa2CO3 = 0,1 (mol)
=> mNaCl= 0,1 . 58,5 = 5,85 (g)
b) nCO2 = nNa2CO3 = 0,05 (mol)
=> mCO2 = 0,05 . 44 = 2,2 (g)
mdd HCl = 0,1 . 36,5 :20% = 18,25 (g)
=> %mNaCl = \(\frac{5,85}{53+18,25-2,2}\approx8,47\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\cdot3=0,15mol\)
a) \(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,3
\(m_{ctBaCl_2}=0,15\cdot208=31,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{BaCl_2thamgia}=\dfrac{31,5}{20\%}\cdot100\%=157,5\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{BaSO_4}=0,15\cdot233=34,95\left(g\right)\)
c) \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)
0,15 0,15
\(m_{ctCa\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15\cdot74=11,1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{11,1}{25\%}\cdot100\%=44,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{44,4}{1,15}=38,6\left(ml\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{200}.100\%=14,7\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=29,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: 2KOH + H2SO4 ---> K2SO4 + 2H2O
Theo PT: \(n_{KOH}=2.n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{KOH}=0,6.56=33,6\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{KOH}}=\dfrac{33,6}{m_{dd_{KOH}}}.100\%=5,6\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{KOH}}=600\left(g\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có:
\(D=\dfrac{600}{V_{dd_{KOH}}}=10,45\)(g/ml)
=> \(V_{dd_{KOH}}=57,42\left(ml\right)\)
b. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{K_2SO_4}}=200+33,6=233,6\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{K_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{K_2SO_4}=0,3.174=52,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{52,2}{233,6}.100\%=22,35\%\)
