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a)
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
$OH^- + H^+ \to H_2O$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 0,1.0,01 = 0,001(mol)$
$n_{NaOH} = 0,2.0,5= 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow$ NaOH dư, HCl hết
$n_{NaOH\ pư} = 0,001 \Rightarrow n_{NaOH\ dư} = 0,1 - 0,001 = 0,099(mol)$
$\Rightarrow [OH^-] = \dfrac{0,099}{0,1 + 0,2} = 0,33M$
$\Rightarrow pOH = -log(0,33) = 0,48 $
$pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 0,48 = 13,52$
\(2NaHCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(HCO_3^-+H^+\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O\)
\(2NaHCO_3+2KOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+K_2CO_3+2H_2O\)
\(HCO_3^-+OH^-\rightarrow CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\)
\(2NaHCO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+BaCO_3+2H_2O\)
\(HCO_3^-+Ba^{2+}+OH^-\rightarrow BaCO_3+CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\)
\(n_{H^+}=0.2\cdot0.01\cdot2=0.004\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.001.....0.001\)
\(n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0.004-0.001=0.003\left(mol\right)\)
\(pH=-log\left(H^+\right)=-log\left(\dfrac{0.003}{0.2+0.1}\right)=2\)
Có: \(n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,2.0,01=0,004\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,1.0,01=0,001\left(mol\right)\)
PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
____0,004___0,001 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,003\left(mol\right)\)\\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,003}{0,3}=0,01\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=2\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Đáp án B
nH+ = 0,1 .2.0,05 + 0,1.0,1 =0,02
nOH- = 0,1.0,2 + 0,1.0,1.2 = 0,04
⇒ Trong dung dịch sau phản ứng có nOH- dư = 0,04 – 0,02 = 0,02 mol
V dd thu = 100 + 100 = 200ml
⇒ [OH-] = 0,1 ⇒ pH = 13
Đáp án B.
a, \(NaHCO_3+NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
\(HCO_3^-+OH^-\rightarrow CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\)
b, \(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,2.1,5+0,12.1,6}{0,2+0,12}=1,5376M\)
\(\left[CO_3^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,2.1,5}{0,2+0,12}=0,9375M\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,192\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+dư}=0,108\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,108}{0,2+0,12}=0,3375M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH\approx0,47\)
$n_{Ba^{2+}} = 0,1.0,5 = 0,05 < n_{SO_4^{2-}} = 0,1$ nên $SO_4^{2-}$ dư
$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{Ba^{2+}} = 0,05(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,05.233 = 11,65(gam)$
$n_{OH^-} = 0,1.0,5.2 + 0,1.0,5 = 0,15(mol)$
$n_{H^+} = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)$
$H^+ + OH^- \to H_2O$
$n_{H^+\ dư} = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,1 + 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,3(lít)$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,05}{0,3} = \dfrac{1}{6}M$
$pH = -log( \dfrac{1}{6} ) = 0,778$
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0.1\cdot0.5=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0.1\cdot0.5\cdot2+0.1\cdot0.5=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=2\cdot0.1\cdot1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)
\(0.05.........0.05.............0.05\)
\(SO_4^{2-}dư\)
\(m_{\downarrow}=0.05\cdot233=11.65\left(g\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.15.......0.15\)
\(n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0.2-0.15=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.1+0.1+0.1}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(pH=-log\left(\dfrac{1}{6}\right)=0.77\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\\ n_{H^+}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{OH^-}=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ Lậptỉlệ:\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,07}{1}\\ \Rightarrow OH^-dư\\ \left[OH^-_{dư}\right]=\dfrac{0,07-0,05}{0,2}=0,1M\\ \Rightarrow pOH=-log\left(0,1\right)=1\\ \Rightarrow pH=14-1=13\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4->K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(OH^-+H^+->H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05.0,2=0,01\left(mol\right);n_{KOH}=0,2.0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4->K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
_____0,02------->0,01
=> KOH, H2SO4 phản ứng vừa đủ, tạo ra dd K2SO4
=> pH = 7