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a, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.0,15=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H^+}=0,02+0,06=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)=n_{Ba^{2+}}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,03___0,03 (mol) ⇒ nH+ dư = 0,05 (mol)
\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)
0,015___0,015______0,015 (mol) ⇒ nSO42- dư = 0,015 (mol)
⇒ m = mBaSO4 = 0,015.233 = 3,495 (g)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2+0,3}=0,04\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2+0,3}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,2+0,3}=0,03\left(M\right)\)
b, pH = -log[H+] = 1
a, \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)=n_{Ba^{2+}}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)=n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
⇒ ΣnOH- = 0,02 + 0,01 = 0,03 (mol)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.0,0175=0,007\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,014\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,014___0,014 (mol) ⇒ nOH- dư = 0,03 - 0,014 = 0,016 (mol)
\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)
0,007____0,007_____0,007 (mol) ⇒ nBa2+ dư = 0,01 - 0,007 = 0,003 (mol)
⇒ m = 0,007.233 = 1,631 (g)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,016}{0,1+0,4}=0,032\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,003}{0,1+0,4}=0,006\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,01}{0,1+0,4}=0,02\left(M\right)\)
b, pH = 14 - (-log[OH-]) ≃ 12,505
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,4.0,0175=7.10 ^{-3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{BaSO_4}=7.10^{-3}.233=1,631\left(g\right)\)
Ta có:
\(n_{H^+}=0,4.0,0175.2=0,014\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,1.0,1.2+0,1.0,1=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
Trong dung dịch X:
\(n_{OH^-}=0,03-0,014=0,016\left(mol\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,016}{0,1+0,4}=0,032\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,01-7.10^{-3}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,1+0,4}=6.10^{-3}\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Na^+}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=0,02\)
\(pOH=-lg\left(0,032\right)\approx1,5\Rightarrow pH=14-1,5=12,5\)
a, \(n_{NaOH}=0,15.0,2=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(n_{KOH}=0,15.0,2=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{K^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
⇒ ΣnOH- = 0,03 + 0,03 = 0,06 (mol)
\(n_{HCl}=0,25.0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,06____0,06 (mol) ⇒ nH+ dư = 0,1 - 0,06 = 0,04 (mol)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{0,15+0,25}=0,075\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,04}{0,15+0,25}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15+0,25}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
b, pH = -log[H+] = 1
a, \(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,3.0,4=0,12\left(mol\right)=n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum n_{H^+}=0,02+0,04=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,06__0,06 (mol)
⇒ nOH- dư = 0,12 - 0,06 = 0,06 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,12}{0,1+0,3}=0,3\left(M\right)\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,1+0,3}=0,15\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, pH = 14 - (-log[OH-]) ≃ 13,176
_Dung dịch HCl và HNO3 có pH=1:
=>[H+] = 10^-1 (mol/l)
=>Σ nH{+} = 10^-1*0.1 = 0.01(mol)
+nNaOH = 0.1a (mol)
NaOH => Na{+} + OH{-}
0.1a.........0.1a.......0.1a(mol)
=>nOH{-} = 0.1a (mol)
_Sau phản ứng thu được dung dịch có pH = 12:
+pH = 12:môi trường có tính bazơ => bazơ dư , axit hết.
+pH = 12 => pOH = 14 - 12 = 2 => [OH-] = 10^-2 (mol/l)
=>nOH{-} dư = 10^-2*0.2 = 2*10^-3 (mol)
H{+} + OH{-} => H2O
0.01....0.1a
0.01....0.01........0.01(mol)
..0....0.1a - 0.01.0.01(mol)
=>nOH{-} dư = 0.1a - 0.01 = 2*10^-3 (mol)
<=>0.1a = 0.012
<=>a = 0.12
Vậy a = 0.12 (M)
a, \(\left[Na^+\right]=0,1\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=0,1\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=0,2\)
\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=0,2\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=0,4\)
b, \(n_{H^+}=0,1.0,4=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+dư}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{200}=10^{-4}\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=4\)
$n_{NaOH} = n_{KOH} = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,02(mol)$
OH- + H+ → H2O
Bđ : 0,01...0,04..................(mol)
Pư : 0,01...0,01...................(mol)
Sau pư : 0......0,03...................(mol)
$V_{dd} = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2(lít)$
Vậy :
$[K^+] = [Na^+] = \dfrac{0,01}{0,2} = 0,05M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,03}{0,2} = 0,15M$
$[SO_4^{2-}] = \dfrac{0,02}{0,2} = 0,1M$
b)
$pH = -log(0,15) = 0,824$
Chọn C
pH = 11 → [ OH - ] = 10 - 3 (M)
pH = 12 → [ OH - ] = 10 - 2 (M)
Tổng số mol OH - có trong dung dịch X là: n = 0 , 1 . 10 - 3 + 0 , 05 . 10 - 2 = 6 . 10 - 4 (mol)