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The 19th century was a period of great change in the history of the USA. After the U.S. civil war, the Southerners were not happy with the situation which they were forced to face. The slaves were liberated, even the ones that wished to continue the old way of living. The economy of the South had gone down considerably and there was little opportunity for honest work. The growing number of blacks living as free men next to their former owners nourished the anger of some Southerners. The South was a wasteland both financially and psychologically. This resulted in the formation of secret societies, the Ku Klux Klan being the most infamous of them.
Six Confederate veterans, all in their twenties, founded the Klan. They also started the typical Klan clothing: a white robe and white "witches" hats with eyeholes. However, the purpose of this original form of the Ku Klux Klan was not political or even racist. The main aim of the Klan at the beginning was to play pranks and have fun. All of the Klan members had to attend the weekly gatherings, which "were held in the cellar of a deserted brick house standing on a hill ".
This secret society of bored young men started gradually enlarging. Soon the pranks of the original Klan were designated mainly towards the liberated slaves. They held particularly the Negroes in terror who had gained land and prospered. The original, fairly innocent secret society turned into a blood-thirsty group. By 1870 The Ku Klux Klan and their operation had been made known all through the States, mostly in a negative way. During the late 1950s and early 1960s there were several blacks murdered, and houses bombed. The Klansmen were dedicated to cutting this "bad weed" out of the American soil. It reacted strongly against the Civil Rights movement and opposed Martin Luther King. This form of the Ku Klux Klan was extremely political.
The Klan is still fairly active in the USA today. However, the times were changing and there was no point attacking blacks, as the Civil Rights movement could not be erased. It seems the violent Klan of the 1960s has changed into a society controlled by strict rules and honour codes. The members of the Klan are now dedicated to protecting the white race and the "proper Christian religion". They declare that they have the same right to preach for white power as the blacks have to being proud of their origins. The main form of action in today's Klan is protests, rallies and Internet shows. It seems that the modern Klan still fosters some of the main ideas of the Ku Klux Klan but in a more peaceful and rational way.
57. This article is mainly about .
(A) the origin of the Ku Klux Klan and how it has operated
(B) the honor code and strict rules of the Ku Klux Klan
(C) the U.S. Civil War and slave liberation
(D) the Klan’s political stand and the idea of equality
58. What is the true phenomenon after the U.S. Civil War ?
(A) No liberated slaves wanted the old way of living.
(B) The southerners soon identified with the Yankees.
(C) The economy of the south prospered.
(D) Secret societies started to form.
59. Which of the following is TRUE about the KKK before 1870?
(A) It acted against the Civil Right movement
(B) It had its members wear white costumes
(C) It held the weekly gathering in a Protestant church
(D) It was an extreme political society
60. Which of the following statements about today’s Klan is NOTtrue ?
(A) It is dedicated to protecting the white race.
(B) It takes action in the form of rallies and internet shows.
(C) It still holds hatred toward blacks.
(D) It strives to be neutral and rational.
Read the passage and choose the correct choice. (3 points)
Up to about 1915, movies were shot and programs were made up of several works. Then, D.W.Griffith and others began to make longer films that provided the same powerful emotional appeal as did melodrama and presented spectacles far beyond what the theater could offer. Consequently, after World War I increasing numbers of spectators deserted the theater for the movies. This trend was accelerated in the late 1920s as a result of two new elements. In 1927 sound was added to the previously silent film, and thus one of the theater's principal claims to superiority vanished. In 1929 a serious economic depression began. Since audiences could go to the movies for a fraction of what it cost to see a play, theater going became a luxury that few could afford, especially as the depression deepened. By the end of World War II, the American theater had been reduced to about thirty theaters in New York City and a small number of touring companies originating there.
1. One thing that movies could do better than the theater was to ______
A. provide longer programs.
B. provide emotional appeal.
C. provide more melodrama.
D. provide greater spectacles.
2. Up to the 1920s one objection to film was that ______
A. they were too short
B. they were silent.
C. they were too expensive.
D. they did not tell a complete
3. One thing that made people choose the movies over the theater was ______
A. World War I.
B. the fact that films were less expensive.
C. the fact that films were silent.
D. the fact that films were shorter.
4. By the end of the World War II, ________.
A. theater had become entertainment for the masses.
B. the theater was no longer considered a luxury. C. professional theatrical performances were confined mainly to New York
D. There were no theatrical performances outside of New York City.
5. When the author of this paragraph says "this trend was accelerated in late 1920s" he means that ________
A. many more people went to the theater than to the movies.
B. the shift away from the movies to the theater was slowed down.
C. the popularity of the theater was gradually increasing.
D. the shift away from the theater to the movies was speeder up.