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a) Đặt \(1+\ln x=t\) khi đó \(\frac{dx}{x}=dt\) và do đó
\(I_1=\int\sqrt{t}dt=\frac{2}{3}t^{\frac{3}{2}}+C=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\left(1+\ln x\right)^3}+C\)
b) Đặt \(\sqrt[4]{e^x+1}=t\) khi đó \(e^x+1=t^4\Rightarrow e^x=t^4-1\) và \(e^xdx=4t^3dt\) , \(e^{2x}dx=e^x.e^xdx=\left(t^4-1\right)4t^3dt\)
Do đó :
\(I_2=4\int\frac{t^3\left(t^4-1\right)}{t}dt=4\int\left(t^6-t^2\right)dt=4\left[\frac{t^7}{7}-\frac{t^3}{3}\right]+C\)
\(=4\left[\frac{1}{7}\sqrt[4]{\left(e^x+1\right)^7}-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt[4]{\left(e^x+1\right)^3}\right]+C\)
c) Lưu ý rằng \(x^2dx=\frac{1}{3}d\left(x^3+C\right)\) do đó :
\(I_3=\int x^2e^{x^{3+6}dx}=\frac{1}{3}\int e^{x^{3+6}}d\left(x^3+6\right)=\frac{1}{3}e^{x^{3+6}}+C\)
a) Đặt \(\sqrt{2x-5}=t\) khi đó \(x=\frac{t^2+5}{2}\) , \(dx=tdt\)
Do vậy \(I_1=\int\frac{\frac{1}{4}\left(t^2+5\right)^2+3}{t^3}dt=\frac{1}{4}\int\frac{\left(t^4+10t^2+37\right)t}{t^3}dt\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\int\left(t^2+10+\frac{37}{t^2}\right)dt=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{t^3}{3}+10t-\frac{37}{t}\right)+C\)
Trở về biến x, thu được :
\(I_1=\frac{1}{12}\sqrt{\left(2x-5\right)^3}+\frac{5}{2}\sqrt{2x-5}-\frac{37}{4\sqrt{2x-5}}+C\)
b) \(I_2=\frac{1}{3}\int\frac{d\left(\ln\left(3x-1\right)\right)}{\ln\left(3x-1\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\ln\left|\ln\left(3x-1\right)\right|+C\)
c) \(I_3=\int\frac{1+\frac{1}{x^2}}{\sqrt{x^2-7+\frac{1}{x^2}}}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-5}}\)
Đặt \(x-\frac{1}{x}=t\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(I_3=\int\frac{dt}{\sqrt{t^2-5}}=\ln\left|t+\sqrt{t^2-5}\right|+C\)
\(=\ln\left|x-\frac{1}{x}+\sqrt{x^2-7+\frac{1}{x^2}}\right|+C\)
\(\int\left(3x^2-2x-4\right)dx=x^3-x^2-4x+C\)
\(\int\left(sin3x-cos4x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}cos3x-\dfrac{1}{4}sin4x+C\)
\(\int\left(e^{-3x}-4^x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}e^{-3x}-\dfrac{4^x}{ln4}+C\)
d. \(I=\int lnxdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow u=x.lnx-\int dx=x.lnx-x+C\)
e. Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.e^x-\int e^xdx=x.e^x-e^x+C\)
f.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x+1\\dv=sinxdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=-cosx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-\left(x+1\right)cosx+\int cosxdx=-\left(x+1\right)cosx+sinx+C\)
g.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2.lnx-\dfrac{1}{2}\int xdx=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2.lnx-\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+C\)
a)
Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x-3}\Rightarrow x=u^2+3\)
\(I_1=\int (2x-3)\sqrt{x-3}dx=\int (2u^2+3)ud(u^2+3)=2\int (2u^2+3)u^2du\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_1=4\int u^4du+6\int u^2du=\frac{4u^5}{5}+2u^3+c\)
b)
\(I_2=\int \frac{xdx}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^3}}=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^2}}\)
Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x^2+1}\). Khi đó:
\(I_2=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(u^2)}{u^3}=\int \frac{udu}{u^3}=\int \frac{du}{u^2}=\frac{-1}{u}+c\)
c)
\(I_3=\int \frac{e^xdx}{e^x+e^{-x}}=\int \frac{e^{2x}dx}{e^{2x}+1}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d(e^{2x}+1)}{e^{2x}+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_3=\frac{1}{3}\ln |e^{2x}+1|+c=\frac{1}{2}\ln|u|+c\)
d)
\(I_4=\int \frac{dx}{\sin x-\sin a}=\int \frac{dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2}-\frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}+\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\sin \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\left ( \ln |\sin \frac{x-a}{2}|-\ln |\cos \frac{x+a}{2}| \right )+c\)
e)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x}\Rightarrow x=t^2\)
\(I_5=\int t\sin td(t^2)=2\int t^2\sin tdt\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=t^2\\ dv=\sin tdt\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2tdt\\ v=-\cos t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4\int t\cos tdt\)
Tiếp tục nguyên hàm từng phần \(\Rightarrow \int t\cos tdt=t\sin t+\cos t+c\)
\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4t\sin t+4\cos t+c\)
Câu 2)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln ^2x\\ dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2\frac{\ln x}{x}dx\\ v=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow I=\frac{x^3}{3}\ln ^2x-\frac{2}{3}\int x^2\ln xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} k=\ln x\\ dt=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} dk=\frac{dx}{x}\\ t=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int x^2\ln xdx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\int \frac{x^2}{3}dx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\frac{x^3}{9}+c\)
Do đó \(I=\frac{x^3\ln^2x}{3}-\frac{2}{9}x^3\ln x+\frac{2}{27}x^3+c\)
Câu 3:
\(I=\int\frac{2}{\cos 2x-7}dx=-\int\frac{2}{2\sin^2x+6}dx=-\int\frac{dx}{\sin^2x+3}\)
Đặt \(t=\tan\frac{x}{2}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \sin x=\frac{2t}{t^2+1}\\ dx=\frac{2dt}{t^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-\int \frac{2dt}{(t^2+1)\left ( \frac{4t^2}{(t^2+1)^2}+3 \right )}=-\int\frac{2(t^2+1)dt}{3t^4+10t^2+3}=-\int \frac{2d\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )}{3\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )^2+16}=\int\frac{2dk}{3k^2+16}\)
Đặt \(k=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\tan v\). Đến đây dễ dàng suy ra \(I=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{3}}v+c\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(u=\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1}); dv=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx\)
\(\Rightarrow du=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}; v=\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}=\sqrt{x^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow \int \frac{x\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx=\int udv=uv-vdu=\sqrt{x^2+1}\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})-\int dx\)
\(=\sqrt{x^2+1}\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})-x+C\)
a. \(\int\dfrac{x^3}{x-2}dx=\int\left(x^2+2x+4+\dfrac{8}{x-2}\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3+x^2+4x+8ln\left|x-2\right|+C\)
b. \(\int\dfrac{dx}{x\sqrt{x^2+1}}=\int\dfrac{xdx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+1}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=u\Rightarrow x^2=u^2-1\Rightarrow xdx=udu\)
\(I=\int\dfrac{udu}{\left(u^2-1\right)u}=\int\dfrac{du}{u^2-1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{u-1}-\dfrac{1}{u+1}\right)du=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{u-1}{u+1}\right|+C\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}-1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}+1}\right|+C\)
c. \(\int\left(\dfrac{5}{x}+\sqrt{x^3}\right)dx=\int\left(\dfrac{5}{x}+x^{\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)dx=5ln\left|x\right|+\dfrac{2}{5}\sqrt{x^5}+C\)
d. \(\int\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{x^2}dx=\int\left(x^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}+x^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)dx=2\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+C\)
e. \(\int\dfrac{dx}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=arcsin\left(x\right)+C\)
Lời giải:
\(I=\int \frac{\sqrt[3]{1+\ln ^2x}}{x}dx=\int \sqrt[3]{1+\ln ^2x}d(\ln x)\)
\(\int \sqrt[3]{t^2+1}dt\) không biểu diễn được dưới dạng các hàm số cơ bản, nằm ngoài phạm vi toán thi C3 bạn ạ.