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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Swartz, ta có : \(P^2=\left(1.\sqrt{x-3}+1.\sqrt{y-4}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x-3+y-4\right)=2\left(x+y-7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le2\) (vì x+y=8)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{2}\) . Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\begin{cases}x\ge3;y\ge4\\x+y=8\\\sqrt{x-3}=\sqrt{y-4}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=\frac{7}{2}\\y=\frac{9}{2}\end{cases}\)
Vậy Max P = \(\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=\frac{7}{2}\\y=\frac{9}{2}\end{cases}\)
Cách khác:
Đk: \(x\ge2,y\ge3\)
Với a,b\(\ge\) 0có:
\(a+b\le\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\) <=> \(a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\) <=> \(0\le a^2-2ab+b^2\)
<=>\(0\le\left(a-b\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>a=b>0
Áp dụng bđt trên có:
\(S=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y-3}\le\sqrt{2\left(x-2+y-3\right)}=\sqrt{2\left(6-2-3\right)}\)(do x+y=6)
=> \(S\le\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=\sqrt{y-3}\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=y-3\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-x=1\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> x=2,5 và y=3,5(t/m)
\(S^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x-2+y-3\right)=2\left(x+y-5\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{max}=\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=y-3\\x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{5}{2}\\y=\frac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(3=x+y+xy\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+3\sqrt{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-2\)
\(P=\sqrt{9-x^2}+\sqrt{9-y^2}+\dfrac{x+y}{4}\le\sqrt{2\left(9-x^2+9-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{4}\)
\(P\le\sqrt{2\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\sqrt{18-x^2-y^2}+\sqrt[]{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right).\sqrt{18-2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(\dfrac{18-x^2-y^2+x^2+y^2}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1+8\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
Tham khảo:
Cho 3 số thức x,y,z thỏa mãn \(x\ge1;y\ge4;z\ge9\) tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biết thức Q=\(\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+zx\sqrt... - Hoc24
a) ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ge0\)
\(M=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\)
b) \(x=\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=\left|1-\sqrt{3}\right|=\sqrt{3}-1\)
\(y=3-\sqrt{8}\Rightarrow\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{3-\sqrt{8}}=\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}.1+1^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}=\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|=\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\)
2. \(P=x^2-x\sqrt{3}+1=\left(x^2-x\sqrt{3}+\frac{3}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=\left(x-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Vây \(P_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\)khi \(x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
3. \(Y=\frac{x}{\left(x+2011\right)^2}\le\frac{x}{4x.2011}=\frac{1}{8044}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=2011\)
Vây \(Y_{max}=\frac{1}{8044}\)khi \(x=2011\)
4. \(Q=\frac{1}{x-\sqrt{x}+2}=\frac{1}{\left(x-\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{7}{4}}=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}}\le\frac{4}{7}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(Q_{max}=\frac{4}{7}\)khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\sqrt{\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\left(4^2+1^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4y+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng lại ta được:
\(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4x+4y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left[4\left(x+y\right)+\frac{4}{x+y}\right]=\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(16+1\right)=\sqrt{17}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại x=y=2
\(S=\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{y-4}\)
ĐK:\(x\ge 3;y\ge 4\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(S^2=\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{y-4}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x-3+y-4\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+y-7\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow S^2\le2\Rightarrow S\le\sqrt{2}\)