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Lời giải:
$A=-x^2+2x+2xy-4y^2-10y-3$
$-A=x^2-2x-2xy+4y^2+10y+3$
$=(x^2-2xy+y^2)+3y^2-2x+10y+3$
$=(x-y)^2-2(x-y)+1+(3y^2+8y+\frac{16}{3})-\frac{10}{3}$
$=(x-y-1)^2+3(y+\frac{4}{3})^2-\frac{10}{3}\geq 0+3.0-\frac{10}{3}=\frac{-10}{3}$
$\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{10}{3}$
Vậy $A_{\max}=\frac{10}{3}$
Giá trị này đạt tại $x-y-1=y+\frac{4}{3}$
$\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\frac{-1}{3}, \frac{-4}{3})$
Bài 1:
a) (3x - 2)(4x + 5) = 0
<=> 3x - 2 = 0 hoặc 4x + 5 = 0
<=> 3x = 2 hoặc 4x = -5
<=> x = 2/3 hoặc x = -5/4
b) (2,3x - 6,9)(0,1x + 2) = 0
<=> 2,3x - 6,9 = 0 hoặc 0,1x + 2 = 0
<=> 2,3x = 6,9 hoặc 0,1x = -2
<=> x = 3 hoặc x = -20
c) (4x + 2)(x^2 + 1) = 0
<=> 4x + 2 = 0 hoặc x^2 + 1 # 0
<=> 4x = -2
<=> x = -2/4 = -1/2
d) (2x + 7)(x - 5)(5x + 1) = 0
<=> 2x + 7 = 0 hoặc x - 5 = 0 hoặc 5x + 1 = 0
<=> 2x = -7 hoặc x = 5 hoặc 5x = -1
<=> x = -7/2 hoặc x = 5 hoặc x = -1/5
\(a,=4x^2+3xy-y^2+4xy-4x^2=7xy-y^2\\ b,=x^2-9-x^3+3x+x^2-3=-x^3+2x^2+3x-12\\ c,=-2x^2+12x-18+5x^2+4x-1=3x^2+16x-19\\ d,=8x^3+1-3x^3+6x^2=5x^3+6x^2+1\\ e,=\left(3x^2+4x+15x+20\right):\left(3x+4\right)\\ =\left(3x+4\right)\left(x+5\right):\left(3x+4\right)\\ =x+5\\ f,=\left(x^3+4x^2-3x+3x^2+12x-9+3x+3\right):\left(x^2+4x-3\right)\\ =\left[\left(x^2+4x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)+3x+3\right]:\left(x^2+4x-3\right)\\ =x+3\left(dư.3x+3\right)\)
\(B=2x^2-4x-8=2\left(x^2-2x-4\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2x+1-5\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-5\right]\)
\(=2\left(x-1\right)^2-10\ge-10\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=-10\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(F=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
Đặt \(x^2+5x+4=t\)
\(\RightarrowĐT=t\left(t+2\right)=t^2+2t+1-1\)
\(=\left(t+1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
hay \(\left(x^2+5x+5\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
Vậy \(F_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+\frac{25}{4}-\frac{5}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+\frac{5}{2}=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}\\x+\frac{5}{2}=-\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}-\frac{5}{2}\\x=-\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}-\frac{5}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(G=4x-x^2=-\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-4\right]=-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\le4\)
Vậy \(G_{max}=4\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(H=25-x-5x^2=-5\left(x^2+\frac{x}{5}-5\right)\)
\(=-5\left(x^2+2x.\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{100}-\frac{501}{100}\right)\)
\(=-5\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{10}\right)^2-\frac{501}{100}\right]\)
\(=-5\left(x+\frac{1}{10}\right)^2+\frac{101}{20}\le\frac{101}{2}\)
Vậy \(H_{max}=\frac{101}{2}\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{10}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{10}\)
\(A=x^2-2x+50\)
\(A=x^2-2x+1+49\)
\(A=\left(x-1\right)^2+49\ge49\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(x=1\)
\(B=12x-x^2\)
\(B=-x^2+12x\)
\(B=-x^2+12x-36+36\)
\(B=-\left(x^2-12x+36\right)+36\)
\(B=-\left(x-6\right)^2+36\le36\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(x=6\)
\(C=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-6\right)\)
\(C=\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x-6\right)\right]\left[\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\right]\)
\(C=\left[x\left(x-6\right)+1\left(x-6\right)\right]\left[x\left(x-3\right)-2\left(x-3\right)\right]\)
\(C=\left(x^2-6x+x-6\right)\left(x^2-3x-2x+6\right)\)
\(C=\left(x^2-5x-6\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)\)
\(C=\left(x^2-5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)