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a) \(f\left(x\right)=\sin^3x.\sin3x=\sin3x\left(\frac{3\sin x-\sin3x}{4}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\sin3x.\sin x-\frac{1}{4}\sin^23x\)
= \(\frac{3}{8}\left(\cos2x-\cos4x\right)-\frac{1}{8}\left(1-\cos6x\right)=\frac{3}{8}\cos2x+\frac{1}{8}\cos6x-\frac{3}{8}\cos4x-\frac{1}{8}\)
Do đó :
\(I=\int f\left(x\right)dx=\int\left(\frac{3}{8}\cos2x+\frac{1}{8}\cos6x-\frac{3}{8}\cos4x-\frac{1}{8}\right)dx=\frac{3}{16}\sin2x+\frac{1}{48}\sin6x-\frac{3}{32}\sin4x-\frac{1}{8}x+C\)
b) Ta biến đổi :
\(f\left(x\right)=\sin^3x.\cos3x+\cos^3x.\sin3x=\cos3x\left(\frac{3\sin x-\sin3x}{4}\right)+\sin3x\left(\frac{\cos3x+3\cos x}{4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}\left(\cos3x\sin x+\sin3x\cos x\right)=\frac{3}{4}\sin4x\)
Do đó : \(I=\int f\left(x\right)dx=\frac{3}{4}\int\sin4xdx=-\frac{3}{16}\cos4x+C\)
Ta biến đổi f(x) về dạng :
\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{\sin x.\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+\cos x.\cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{\cos x.\cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}-1=\frac{\cos\frac{\pi}{4}}{\cos x.\cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\int\frac{dx}{\cos x.\cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}dx-\int dx=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\int\frac{dx}{\cos x.\cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}dx-x\left(1\right)\)
Để tính \(J=\int\frac{dx}{\cos x.\cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}dx\)
Ta có \(\int\frac{dx}{\cos x.\cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}dx=\sqrt{2}\int\frac{1}{\cos x.\left(\cos x-\sin x\right)}dx=\sqrt{2}\int\frac{1}{\left(1-\tan x\right)}.\frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx\)
\(=-\sqrt{2}\int\frac{d\left(1-\tan x\right)}{1-\tan x}=\sqrt{2}\ln\left|1-\tan x\right|+C\)
Ta có :
\(f\left(x\right)=\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{3}\sin x+\cos x}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{dx}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sin x+\frac{1}{2}\cos x}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{dx}{\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)}\)
\(=\int\frac{dx}{2\tan\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\pi}{12}\right)\cos^2\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\pi}{12}\right)}=\int\frac{dx}{\sin\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\pi}{12}\right)\cos\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\pi}{12}\right)}=\int\frac{d\left(\tan\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\pi}{12}\right)}{\tan\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\pi}{12}\right)}=\ln\left|\tan\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\pi}{12}\right)\right|+C\)
Biến đổi :
\(5\sin x=a\left(2\sin x-\cos x+1\right)+b\left(2\cos x+\sin x\right)+c\)
= \(\left(2a+b\right)\sin x+\left(2b-a\right)\cos x+a+c\)
Đồng nhất hệ số hai tử số :
\(\begin{cases}2a+b=5\\2b-a=0\\a+c=0\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}a=2\\b=1\\c=-2\end{cases}\)
Khi đó :
\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{2\left(2\sin x-\cos x+1\right)+\left(2\cos x+\sin x\right)-2}{2\sin x-\cos x+1}\)
= \(2+\frac{2\cos x+\sin x}{2\sin x-\cos x+1}-\frac{2}{2\sin x-\cos x+1}\)
Do vậy :
\(I=2\int dx+\int\frac{\left(2\cos x+\sin x\right)dx}{2\sin x-\cos x+1}-2\int\frac{dx}{2\sin x-\cos x+1}\)
=\(2x+\ln\left|2\sin x-\cos x+1\right|-2J+C\)
Với
\(J=\int\frac{dx}{2\sin x-\cos x+1}\)
Biến đổi f(x) về dạng :
\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2\left(\sin x+\frac{1}{2}\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{\sin x+\sin\frac{\pi}{6}}=\frac{1}{4}\frac{1}{\sin\frac{6x+\pi}{12}.\cos\frac{6x-\pi}{12}}\left(1\right)\)
Sử dụng đồng nhất thức :
\(1=\frac{\cos\frac{\pi}{6}}{\cos\frac{\pi}{6}}=\frac{\cos\left[\frac{6x+\pi}{12}-\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right]}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\frac{\cos\left(\frac{6x+\pi}{12}\right).\cos\left(\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right)+\sin\left(\frac{6x+\pi}{12}\right).\sin\left(\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{6x+\pi}{12}\right).\cos\left(\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right)}\)
Ta được :
\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left[\int\frac{\cos\left(\frac{6x+\pi}{12}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{6x+\pi}{12}\right)}dx-\int\frac{\sin\left(\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right)}{\cos\left(\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right)}\right]=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\ln\left|\sin\right|\left(\frac{6x+\pi}{12}\right)-\ln\left|\cos\right|\left(\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right)\right)\)
\(=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\ln\left|\frac{\sin\left(\frac{6x+\pi}{12}\right)}{\cos\left(\frac{6x-\pi}{12}\right)}\right|+C\)
Biến đổi :
\(4\sin^2x+1=5\sin^2x+\cos^2x=\left(a\sin x+b\cos x\right)\left(\sqrt{3}\sin x+\cos x\right)+c\left(\sin^2x+\cos^2x\right)\)
\(=\left(a\sqrt{3}+c\right)\sin^2x+\left(a+b\sqrt{3}\right)\sin x.\cos x+\left(b+c\right)\cos^2x\)
Đồng nhấtheej số hai tử số
\(\begin{cases}a\sqrt{3}+c=5\\a+b\sqrt{3}=0\\b+c=1\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}a=\sqrt{3}\\b=-1\\c=2\end{cases}\)
Ta biến đổi :
\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{\sin3x\sin4x}{\tan x+\cot2x}=\frac{\sin3x\sin4x}{\frac{\sin x.\sin2x+\cos x.\cos2x}{\cos x.\sin2x}}=\frac{\sin3x\sin4x}{\frac{\cos x}{\cos x.\sin2x}}=\sin3x\sin4x\sin2x\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\cos x-\cos7x\right)\sin2x=\frac{1}{2}\left[\sin2x\cos x-\cos7x\sin2x\right]=\frac{1}{4}\left(\sin3x+\sin x-\sin9x+\sin5x\right)\)
Do đó :
\(I=\int\left(\frac{1}{4}\left(\sin3x+\sin x-\sin9x+\sin5x\right)\right)dx=-\frac{1}{2}\cos3x-\frac{1}{4}\cos x+\frac{1}{9}\cos9x-\frac{1}{5}\cos5x+C\)
D.time