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1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\Rightarrow x+1\ge0\\\sqrt{x^2+1}>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow y\ge0\)
\(y_{min}=0\) khi \(x=-1\)
Lại có: \(y^2=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2+1}=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1}{x^2+1}=\dfrac{2\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2+2x-1}{x^2+1}=2-\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(y_{max}=\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=1\)
a, \(y=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2}}{x}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{x^2}}\ge0\)
\(min=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{x^2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b, Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x-1}}=\dfrac{x-1+1}{\sqrt{x-1}}=\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\ge2\)
\(minf\left(x\right)=2\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
1) \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\ge1\)
Vậy: MinA là 1 khi x=0
2) \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
MaxB là \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) khi x=0
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+a^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}=\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+b^2}}=\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+c^2}}=\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(P\le a\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+b\left(\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+c\left(\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Bài 2:
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}=\dfrac{2+\sqrt{4\left(1+x^2\right)}}{2x}\le\dfrac{2+\dfrac{4+\left(1+x^2\right)}{2}}{2x}=\dfrac{9+x^2}{4x}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\dfrac{9+y^2}{4y};\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\dfrac{9+z^2}{4z}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\dfrac{9+x^2}{4x}+\dfrac{9+y^2}{4y}+\dfrac{9+z^2}{4z}\)
\(=\dfrac{9\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{4xyz}\le\dfrac{9\cdot\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Bài 1:
\(\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Sau đó côsi
Tự làm nốt nhé, ra 3/2 đấy. Em học lớp 8 nên cách giải chỉ thế thôi. Câu 2 em chưa làm được
a: ĐKXĐ: x^2-2x<>0 và x^2-1>0
=>(x>1 và x<>2) hoặc x<-1
b: ĐKXĐ: x+1>0 và 5-3x>0
=>x>-1 và 3x<5
=>-1<x<5/3
c: DKXĐ: 5x+3>=0 và 3-x>0
=>x>=-3/5 và x<3
=>-3/5<=x<3
d: ĐKXĐ: 4-x^2>0 và 1+x>=0
=>x^2<4 và x>=-1
=>-2<x<2 và x>=-1
=>-1<=x<2
e: ĐKXĐ: 2-3x<>0 và 1-6x>0
=>x<>2/3 và x<1/6
=>x<1/6
a) \(x-\sqrt{2x+3}=-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}=x+2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}=3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3=9x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-2x-3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\Delta=\left(-2\right)^2-4\cdot9\cdot\left(-3\right)=112>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{2+\sqrt{112}}{18}=\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{7}}{9}\\x_2=\dfrac{2-\sqrt{112}}{18}=\dfrac{1-2\sqrt{7}}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{x}=1-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\) (ĐK: \(x\ne0,x\ne-1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{x}{x\left(x+1\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+1+x}{x\left(x+1\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+1=x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(ktm\right)\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
c) \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x+3}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-9}}\) (ĐK: \(x\ge3\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2-2}=\sqrt{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4\left(x^2-9\right)}=\sqrt{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x^2-9\right)=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-36=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-x-36-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-x-39=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\Delta=\left(-1\right)^2-4\cdot4\cdot\left(-39\right)=625>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{625}}{8}=\dfrac{13}{4}\left(tm\right)\\x_2=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{625}}{8}=-3\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
1) Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski
P = \(6\sqrt{x-1}+8\sqrt{3-x}\le\sqrt{\left(6^2+8^2\right)\left(x-1+3-x\right)}=10\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy Min P = \(10\sqrt{2}\) khi x = 43/25
2) a) \(\Rightarrow A-5=y-2x=4y.\dfrac{1}{4}+\left(-6x\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopski
\(\Rightarrow\left(A-5\right)^2=\left(4y.\dfrac{1}{4}+\left(-6x\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\) \(\le\left(16y^2+36x^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)=\dfrac{25}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{5}{4}\le A-5\le\dfrac{5}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{15}{4}\le A\le\dfrac{25}{4}\)
...........
b) tương tự
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=1-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\le1\)
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}\ge0\)
Vật Min B = 0 khi x = 0 và Max = 1 khi x = 1