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Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2=2\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+2bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{5}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{9}.1-\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{3}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=2b=2c\)
Đặt \(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\)
Ta dễ có
\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Sử dụng phép tương tự khi đó:
\(S\le\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0\\b\ge1\\a+b+c=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow c\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow2\le c\le4\Rightarrow\left(c-2\right)\left(c-4\right)\le0\Rightarrow c^2\le6c-8\)
\(0\le a\le1< 6\Rightarrow a\left(a-6\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2\le6a\)
\(1\le b\le2< 5\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(b-5\right)\le0\Rightarrow b^2\le6b-5\)
Cộng vế:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\le6\left(a+b+c\right)-13=17\)
\(A_{max}=17\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;1;4\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bun-hia-cop-xki ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=\frac{4}{3}\)khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(P=a+b+c=\left(a-5\right)+\left(b-4\right)+\left(c-3\right)+12\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(a-5\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(b-4\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(c-3\right)^2}+12\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a-5\right)^2+\left(b-4\right)^2+\left(c-3\right)^2}+12\)
\(\ge12\)
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow a=5;b=4;c=3\)
Vậy \(min_P=12\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(5;4;3\right)\) hoặc các hoán vị