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Với các số thực không âm a; b ta luôn có BĐT sau:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\ge\sqrt{a+b}\) (bình phương 2 vế được \(2\sqrt{ab}\ge0\) luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
a.
\(A\ge\sqrt{x-4+5-x}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=1\) khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(x-4+5-x\right)}=\sqrt{2}\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(A_{max}=\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x-4=5-x\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
b.
\(B\ge\sqrt{3-2x+3x+4}=\sqrt{x+7}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(3x+4\right)+\dfrac{17}{3}}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{17}{3}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{51}}{3}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{\sqrt{51}}{3}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(B=\sqrt{3-2x}+\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}.\sqrt{2x+\dfrac{8}{3}}\le\sqrt{\left(1+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\left(3-2x+2x+\dfrac{8}{3}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{510}}{6}\)
\(B_{max}=\dfrac{\sqrt{510}}{6}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{11}{30}\)
a)Ta có:A=\(\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}\)
=>A2=\(x-4+2\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}+5-x\)
=>A2= 1+\(2\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}\ge1\)
=>A\(\ge\)1
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> x=4 hoặc x=5
Vậy,Min A=1 <=>x=4 hoặc x=5
Còn câu b tương tự nhé
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
\(D=\sqrt{\left(x+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}\)
\(D=|x+\sqrt{3}|+|x-\frac{1}{2}|=|x+\sqrt{3}|+|\frac{1}{2}-x|\ge|x+\sqrt{3}+\frac{1}{2}-x|\)
=sqrt(3)+1/2.
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất cần tìm là: sqrt(3)+1/2. Dấu bằng thì bạn tham khảo bất đẳng thức:
lal+lbl geq la+bl
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0;x\ne4\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\dfrac{x-6\sqrt{x}+4}{x-4}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)+x-6\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+2x+x+2\sqrt{x}-\left(2x-4\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}+2\right)+x-6\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+2x+x+2\sqrt{x}-2x+4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-2+x-6\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+2x+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
Khi \(x=9+4\sqrt{5}\)
Ta có: \(4+4\sqrt{5}+5=2^2+2\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{5}+\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2=\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=2+\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^2+1}{2+\sqrt{5}-2}=\dfrac{9+4\sqrt{5}+1}{\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{10+4\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{5}}=4+2\sqrt{5}\)
Vậy \(P=4+2\sqrt{5}\) khi \(x=9+4\sqrt{5}\).
\(D=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+2x+x+2\sqrt{x}-2x+4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-2+x-6\sqrt{x}+4}{x-4}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+2x+2}{x-4}\)
Khi x=9+4căn 5 thì \(D=\dfrac{\left(9+4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)+2\sqrt{5}+4+2}{\sqrt{5}-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{9\sqrt{5}+18+20+8\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{5}+6}{\sqrt{5}-2}\)
=(44+19căn 5)*(căn 5+2)
=44căn 5+88+95+38căn 5
=82căn 5+183
