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Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.
B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.
C These messages could be sent very quickly.
D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.
E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.
F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.
War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.
Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.
The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )
Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.
Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.
Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 ( B) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.
Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.
B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.
C These messages could be sent very quickly.
D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.
E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.
F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.
War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.
Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.
The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )
Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.
Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.
Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 (B ) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.
Nobody likes staying at home on a public holiday especially if the weather is fine. Last August we decided ...to spend....... the day in the country. The only dificult was that milions of other people had exactly the same idea. We moved........out....... of the city slowly behind along........line........ of cars, but at last we came to a quiet country road and after some time, stopped at a lonely farm. We had .......brought......... plenty of food with us and we got......it....... out of the car. Now everything was ready so we sat down near a path at the foot of the hill. It was very peaceful in the cool grass until we..........heard....... bells ringing at the top of the hill.What we saw made us.....pick......... up our things and run back.......to......... the car as ..............quickly............ as posiable. There ưere about two hundred sheep coming .........towards............ us down the path
TOPIC 4: WORD FORM-PARTS OF SPEECH-.TỪ LOAI
Supply the correct word form:
1/Most of films are produced for.....ENTERTAINMENT.......(entertain)
2. She was really.......IMPRESSED.........by the beauty of Ha Noi capital (impress).
3. She made a deep....IMPRESSION........on the members of her class (impress)
4. Their..........FRIENDSHIP...... made me happy. (friendly)
5. Many.........VISITORS........ come to HCM's Mausoleum everyday ( visit )
6. We enjoyed the.....PEACEFUL...........atmosphere in Ha Noi (peace)
7. Ha Noi is not.......DIFFERENT............from Kuala Lumpur (difference)
8. The girls went to see.......FAMOUS......... places in HCM City (fame).
9. The...........NATIONAL.........language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia (nation).
10. In Malaysia,.....EDUCATION...........is free (educate).
11. What is the main language of .....INSTRUCTION..........at that school ? (instruct).
12. The old man walked........SLOWLY........... to the park (slow).
13. Don't forget to drive...........CAREFULLY.....(care).
14. That's ..........WONDERFUL........ ! I'm pleased that you work very hard. (wonder)
15. He is one of the most famous........ENVIRONMENTALISTS.............in the world. (environment)
16. If we go on littering, the environment will become.......SERIOUSLY......... polluted. (serious)
17. I think I'll take your......ADVICE.. .... . .. and get the green dress.(advise)
18. There are nine planets in the ......SOLAR..........system. (sun).
19. The new laws will become.....EFFECTIVE.........next month. (effect)
20. I felt such a sense of.........FREEDOM....., up in hills alone. (free)
21. It wasn't very.......CONSIDERATION.........of you to drink all the milk (consider)
22. I was so......PROUD........ that my son had been chosen for the national team. (pride)
23. He is going to.....COLLECT.........all the bags. (collection)
the..
24. If the.....POLLUTION..........continues, what will happen? ( pollute)
25. I strongly.........DISAGREED.......with the director's decision. I think it is unfair ( agree )
26. Floods and earthquakes are.......NATURAL........disasters (nature).
27. Leonardo made many scientific.......DISCOVEIES........ (discover)
28. The........MAJORITY.........of the employees have university degrees (major).
29. Da Nang will be.....CLOUDY........with windy showers (cloud).
30. These hills were formed by..........VOCANIC.......eruptions (volcano)
31. Such a war would be...........DISASTROUS........for the country (disaster).
32. The little boy look......HEALTHY........nough ( health)
33. The story about UFOs caught the........imagination......... .of the whole class (imagine)
34. He is a famous.........SCIENTIST........(science).
35. He has manyprojects (science).
36. They.........INVITED.........me to their family to Hue last year (invitation)
37. It was an..............ENJOYABLE.......day (enjoy)
38. She sings very........BEAUTIFULLY.............(beautiful)
39. The accident happens because of driving.......CARELESSLY........... (care)
40. You should..........RELAX.........for an hour (relaxation)
II. Supply the correct word form:
1. There is a.........PARKING...........lot near my house (park)
2. Some young people today have a very strange.......APPEARANCE.........(appear)
3. Her clothes look very modern and.......FASHIONABLE........... ( fashion )
4. Many designers took......INSPIRATION.............from Viet Nam's ethnic minorities (inspire )
5. What a.........COLORFUL....... T- shirt ! ( color )
6. ............TRADITIONALY........ , the Ao dai was frequently worn by both men and women. (tradition)
7. What is your...........FAVORITE.......type of clothing? (favor)
8. He is a very famous........MUSICIAN..............(music)
9. The......SALE...............of jeans stopped growing. (sell)
10. I don't like wearing a...................sweater. (sleeve)
11. She likes to wear.......FADED..............Jean cloth. (fade)
12. In the 18th century, Jean cloth was made....COMPLETELY........
from cotton. (complete)
13. They have just ..........INTRODUCED.............a new style of jeans in the USA (introduction)
14. Some designers have......MODERNIZED.......... the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it ( modern )
15. They had an ........ENJOYABLE...........day by the river. ( enjoy )
16. It is an............INTERESTIING....program. (interest)
17. This book is........USEFUL...........It provides me with a lot of valuable information. ( use )
18. He has a fine stamp..........COLLECTION...... (collect)
19. It was an ........ENJOYABLE.............. day. ( enjoy )
20. She sings very..........BEAUTIFULLT........(beautiful)
21. The accident happens because of driving CARELESSLY
22. He has a fine stamp......COLLECTION......(collect)
23. It is an........INTERESTING...........journey. (interest)
24. Ba has a largeo foreign stamps.............COLLECTION.......... (collect)
25. You should..........RELAX............for an hour. (relaxation)
26. There is a .........PARKING...........lot near my house. (park)
27. We saw ........BEAUTIFUL........... girls there. (beauty)
28. Thay had an .........ENJOYABLE......... day by the river. ( enjoy )
29. It is an ........INTERESTING........... program. ( interest )
30. We felt........INTERESTED...........in the show. (interest)
31. I'm very.........WORRIED.........because they use electricity to catch fish (worry).
32. The........CONSERVATIONISTS...........are cleaning the beach. (conserve)
33. We must do something to stop ......DEFORESTATION.......... ( forest )
34. We should preserve our.........NATURAL.......resources. ( nature)
III. Supply the correct word form;
1/. I am having a.........WONDERFUL..........time here.(wonder)
2/. Maryam was really impressed by the.......FRIENDLINESS............of its people. (friend)
3/. Bahasa Malaysia is also known.......SIMPLY.........as Malay. (simple)
4/. Islam is the country's.....OFFICIAL...........religion. (office )
5/. Maryam was very.........INTERESTED............in the beauty of the city. ( interest)
6/. She was impressed because Ha Noi people were.........FRIENDLY........... (friend)
7/. The girls visited many........BEAUTIFUL...........parks and lakes in Ha Noi. (beauty)
8/. It seems very.........DIFFICULT...........for me to have a trip abroad. (difficulty)
9/. Liverpool is an......INDUSTRIAL.............city, north of England. (industry)
10/. English, Chinese and Tamil are also........WIDELY........spoken. (wide)
11/. Which of these is your fa
vorite........ACTIVITIES...........in your free time? ( action)
12/. The Kien Thuc Ngay Nay is.......WIDELY...........read by both teenagers and adults.( wide)
(complete)
luction).
13/. Thanks to TV, people can enjoy programs in.......CONVENIENT.........
way. (convenience)
14/. Viewers can watch a..........VARIETY...........of local and international programs. (various)
15/. The next stage in the........DEVELOPMENT.............of television is interactive TV. ( develop)
16/. I think the news is very.......INFORMATIVE...........(information )
17/. The Internet has.......INCREASINGLY...........developed and become part of our everyday life. (increase)
18/. Do you find the Internet..........USEFUL........ ? ( use )
19/. For me, the Internet is a wonderful.......INVENTION.......of modern life. ( invent)
20/ The Internet is a means of..........EDUCATION..........(educate)
21/. The journey to the village is very..........INTERESTING......... (interest)
(care)
22/. We........HURRIEDLY.............. gathered our things and ran to the bus stop. (hurry)
23/. We were.......LUCKY......... to catch the last bus. (luck)
24/. There is a big old banyan tree at the.........ENTRANCE..........to the village. (enter)
25/. Everyone felt.......TIRED.........after the long journey. (tire)
26/. In the 18th century jean cloth was made......COMPLETELY....... from cotton. ( complete )
27/. The worldwide.......ECONOMIC.............situation got worse in the 1990s. ( economy)
28/. Wearing casual clothes makes students feel...COMFORTABLE............
from cotton. (complete )
29/. Wearing casual clothes gives students.........FREEDOM..........of choice. (free)
30/. The ao dai is the......TRADITIONAL.........dress of Vietnamese women. (tradition)
TOPIC 4: WORD FORM-PARTS OF SPEECH-.TỪ LOAI
Supply the correct word form:
1/Most of films are produced for.....ENTERTAINMENT.......(entertain)
2. She was really........IMPRESSED........by the beauty of Ha Noi capital (impress).
3. She made a deep......IMPRESSION......on the members of her class (impress)
4. Their........FRIENDLINESS........ made me happy. (friendly)
5. Many..........VISITORS....... come to HCM's Mausoleum everyday ( visit )
6. We enjoyed the.......PEACEFUL.........atmosphere in Ha Noi (peace)
7. Ha Noi is not..........DIFFERENT.........from Kuala Lumpur (difference)
8. The girls went to see.......FAMOUS......... places in HCM City (fame).
9. The...........INTERNATIONAL.........language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia (nation).
10. In Malaysia,........EDUCATION........is free (educate).
11. What is the main language of ........INSTRUCTION.......at that school ? (instruct).
12. The old man walked..........SLOWLY......... to the park (slow).
13. Don't forget to drive........CAREFULLY........(care).
14. That's .........WONDERFUL......... ! I'm pleased that you work very hard. (wonder)
15. He is one of the most famous...........ENVIRONMENTALISTS..........in the world. (environment)
16. If we go on littering, the environment will become........SERIOUSLY........ polluted. (serious)
17. I think I'll take your........ADVICE .... . .. and get the green dress.(advise)
18. There are nine planets in the ........SOLAR........system. (sun).
19. The new laws will become.......EFFECTIVE.......next month. (effect)
20. I felt such a sense of........FREEDOM......, up in hills alone. (free)
21. It wasn't very........CONSIDERABLE........of you to drink all the milk (consider)
22. I was so......PROUD........ that my son had been chosen for the national team. (pride)
23. He is going to......COLLECT........all the bags. (collection)
the..
24. If the.......POLLUTION........continues, what will happen? ( pollute)
25. I strongly........DISAGREE........with the director's decision. I think it is unfair ( agree )
26. Floods and earthquakes are.......NATURAL........disasters (nature).
27. Leonardo made many scientific........DISCOVERY....... (discover)
28. The.........MAJORITY........of the employees have university degrees (major).
29. Da Nang will be.......CLOUDY......with windy showers (cloud).
30. These hills were formed by........VOLCANIC.........eruptions (volcano)
31. Such a war would be...........DISASTROUS........for the country (disaster).
32. The little boy look.......HEALTHY.......nough ( health)
33. The story about UFOs caught the.........IMAGINATION........ .of the whole class (imagine)
34. He is a famous.........SCIENTIST........(science).
35. He has manyprojects (science).
36. They..........INVITE........me to their family to Hue last year (invitation)
37. It was an...........ENJOYABLE..........day (enjoy)
38. She sings very...........BEAUTIFULLY..........(beautiful)
39. The accident happens because of driving.........CARELESSLY......... (care)
40. You should...........RELAX........for an hour (relaxation)
II. Supply the correct word form:
1. There is a...........PARKING.........lot near my house (park)
2. Some young people today have a very strange.......APPEARANCE.........(appear)
3. Her clothes look very modern and........FASHIONABLE.......... ( fashion )
4. Many designers took.........INSPIRATION..........from Viet Nam's ethnic minorities (inspire )
5. What a........COLORFUL........ T- shirt ! ( color )
6. ...........TRADITIONALLY......... , the Ao dai was frequently worn by both men and women. (tradition)
7. What is your........FAVORITE..........type of clothing? (favor)
8. He is a very famous...........MUSICIAN............(music)
9. The..........SELLER...........of jeans stopped growing. (sell)
10. I don't like wearing a...........SLEEVELESS........sweater. (sleeve)
11. She likes to wear..........FADED...........Jean cloth. (fade)
12. In the 18th century, Jean cloth was made......COMPLETELY......
from cotton. (complete)
13. They have just ...........INTRODUCED............a new style of jeans in the USA (introduction)
14. Some designers have........MODERNIZED........ the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it ( modern )
15. They had an .........ENJOYABLE..........day by the river. ( enjoy )
16. It is an..........INTERESTING......program. (interest)
17. This book is........USEFUL...........It provides me with a lot of valuable information. ( use )
18. He has a fine stamp........COLLECTION........ (collect)
19. It was an ..........ENJOYABLE............ day. ( enjoy )
20. She sings very........BEAUTIFULLY..........(beautiful)
21. The accident happens because of driving
22. He has a fine stamp......COLLECTION......(collect)
23. It is an.......INTERESTING............journey. (interest)
24. Ba has a largeo foreign stamps...........COLLECTION............ (collect)
25. You should...........RELAX...........for an hour. (relaxation)
26. There is a ..........PARKING..........lot near my house. (park)
27. We saw ...........BEAUTIFUL........ girls there. (beauty)
28. Thay had an ..........ENJOYABLE........ day by the river. ( enjoy )
29. It is an ........INTERESTING........... program. ( interest )
30. We felt........INTERESTED...........in the show. (interest)
31. I'm very.........WORRIED.........because they use electricity to catch fish (worry).
32. The........CONSERVATION...........are cleaning the beach. (conserve)
33. We must do something to stop .........DEFORESTING....... ( forest )
34. We should preserve our.......NATURAL.........resources. ( nature)
III. Supply the correct word form;
1/. I am having a.........WONDERFUL..........time here.(wonder)
2/. Maryam was really impressed by the.........FRIENDLINESS..........of its people. (friend)
3/. Bahasa Malaysia is also known.....SIMPLY...........as Malay. (simple)
4/. Islam is the country's.........OFFICIAL.......religion. (office )
5/. Maryam was very.............INTERESTED........in the beauty of the city. ( interest)
6/. She was impressed because Ha Noi people were.............FRIENDLY....... (friend)
7/. The girls visited many........BEAUTIFUL...........parks and lakes in Ha Noi. (beauty)
8/. It seems very..........DIFFICULT..........for me to have a trip abroad. (difficulty)
9/. Liverpool is an........INDUSTRIAL...........city, north of England. (industry)
10/. English, Chinese and Tamil are also......WIDELY..........spoken. (wide)
11/. Which of these is your fa
vorite.........ACTIVITY..........in your free time? ( action)
12/. The Kien Thuc Ngay Nay is........WIDELY..........read by both teenagers and adults.( wide)
(complete)
luction).
13/. Thanks to TV, people can enjoy programs in........CONVENIENT........
way. (convenience)
14/. Viewers can watch a..........VARIETY...........of local and international programs. (various)
15/. The next stage in the........DEVELOPMENT.............of television is interactive TV. ( develop)
16/. I think the news is very........INFORMATIVE..........(information )
17/. The Internet has.......INCREASINGLY...........developed and become part of our everyday life. (increase)
18/. Do you find the Internet.......USEFUL........... ? ( use )
19/. For me, the Internet is a wonderful.......INVENTION.......of modern life. ( invent)
20/ The Internet is a means of........EDUCATION............(educate)
21/. The journey to the village is very.........INTERESTING.......... (interest)
(care)
22/. We..........HURRIEDLY............ gathered our things and ran to the bus stop. (hurry)
23/. We were........LUCKY........ to catch the last bus. (luck)
24/. There is a big old banyan tree at the.........ENTRANCE..........to the village. (enter)
25/. Everyone felt........TIRED........after the long journey. (tire)
26/. In the 18th century jean cloth was made.......COMPLETELY...... from cotton. ( complete )
27/. The worldwide.........ECONOMIC...........situation got worse in the 1990s. ( economy)
28/. Wearing casual clothes makes students feel.......COMPLETELY........
from cotton. (complete )
29/. Wearing casual clothes gives students...........FREEDOM........of choice. (free)
30/. The ao dai is the.........TRADITIONAL......dress of Vietnamese women. (tradition)
These days, there's no excuse for not knowing what's happening in the world. On the TV and on the radio, news programmes keep us up to date with all the important events. We read about problems ......on..... the other side of the world on the Internet as well as they happen, and we see live pictures on the news 24 ..hours...... a day. Even personal news ...spread..... fast today. Whether we keep in touch by phone email, we're never more than a few seconds .......away......... from friends and family. The day when the only ......popular.... communication was by letter are gone forever. So, the next time you're on the phone, just remember ...many..... things have changed
Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc:
1.The low......attendances.......(attend) at the concert was a result ò the organizers' carelessness about giving it even more extensive publicity.
2.Another attempt to establish a........lasting...........(last) peace has failed after one of the negotiators refused to sign the treaty.
3.This new situation is more than........an advantage...........(advantage) to all the investors. Definitely,it's a chance not to miss.
4.Besides innumerable human victims, the tornado has caused an enormous .......destruction............(destroy) to the buildings in the area.
5.A sudden......growth........(grow) in food prices will certainly bring about violent protests from the population.
6.Let's stop quarrelling about such.......irrelevant.........(relevant) details.It doesn't matter what we take first,the soup or the second course.
7.The number of the nails Harry had bought at the ironmonger's wasn't.....sufficient........(suffice) and we had to borrow a few from our neighbour.
8........unobeying.......(obey) at this school is severely punished, so remember to mind your manners both during the lessons and outside the classroom.
9.Some people claim that the microprocessor is the greatest......invention.........(invent) of the 20th century.
10.The actors received a.............standing..........(stand) ovation from the enthusiastic audience for their brillant performance in Othello.
11.Without the congressmen's.......valuable........(value) assistance we would never have gathered enough money for our son's operation.
12.It's.....pointless........(point) to try to reach the village on foot.The only possible way of getting there is by helicopter.
13.Jack's initial...........excitement..........(excite) at talking part in the competition died down after he had learned about the extra costs he would have had to cover.
14.The..........pleasure...............( please) of spending holidays in the countryside consists on breathing fresh air and being in harmony with nature.
15.You'd better ask Frank.I'm not ......possessor..........(possess) of the manual you are looking for.
One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the words "More!"
The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.
"Oh, yes. That´s one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a "language", in the real sense of the word? Scientist don´t agree on this.
1/ The dolphin leapt into the air because
A. Sagan was too near the water
B. it was part of the game they were playing.
C. he wanted Sagan to scratch him again
D. Sagan wanted to communicate with him
2/ "Dolphins" brains are particularly well developed to
A. help them to travle fast in water
B. arrange sounds in different structures
C. respond to different kinds of sound
D. communicate with humans through sound
1,mower
2.fountain
3.forecast
4.side
5.top
6.house
7.hive
8.hole
9.skin
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