The Indians of the southwestern United States are famous for their beautifulart work, especially handmade jewelry cast...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) when 10– to 12–hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half–day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's.

In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930' s. In 1914, Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.

The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8–hour day, 5–day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5–hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37–hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6– to a 5–day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.

What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the United States during the 1930's?

A. Several people sometimes shared a single job.

B. Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.

C. Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.

D. The United States government instituted a 35–hour workweek.

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

14 tháng 6 2018

A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Một trong những lý do cho sự thay đổi trong độ dài của tuần làm việc cho công nhân trung bình ở Hoa Kỳ trong những năm 1930 là gì?

A. Một số người đôi khi chia sẻ cùng làm một công việc duy nhất.

B. Bạo lực lao động ở một số nước ảnh hưởng đến chính sách lao động ở Hoa Kỳ.

C. Một số tập đoàn tăng độ dài của tuần làm việc.

D. Chính phủ Hoa Kỳ đã thiết lập một tuần làm việc 35 giờ.

Thông tin: The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours.

Đáp án:A

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

22 tháng 5 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots.

Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people’s obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work

How many university students travel to Panama Beach City every March for spring break?

A. Around 10,000

B. Around 36,000

C. Around 500,000

D. Around 50,000

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

22 tháng 5 2019

Chọn C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Có bao nhiêu sinh viên du lịch tới thành phố bãi biển Panama vào mỗi tháng 3 trong kì nghỉ xuân?

A. Khoảng 10.000

B. Khoảng 36.000

C. Khoảng 500.000

D. Khoảng 50.000

Thông tin: In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party

Tạm dịch: Thành phố bãi biển Panama ở bang Florida, thành phố có số dân định cư dao động trong khoảng 36,000 người, nhiều hơn 1 nửa triệu số sinh viên đại học tới đây vào tháng 3 mỗi năm để vui chơi và tiệc tùng

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42. For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

25 tháng 5 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots.

Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people’s obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem that alternative spring break trips try to help solve?

A. Environment damage

B. Homelessness

C. Poverty

D. Overpopulation

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

25 tháng 5 2018

Chọn D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Cái nào dưới đây KHÔNG được đề cập như là 1 vấn đề mà các kì nghỉ xuân thay thế cố gắng để giúp giải quyết?

A. Thiệt hại về môi trường

B. Vô gia cư

C. Nghèo đói

D. Bùng nổ dân số

Thông tin: For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to alleviate problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about.

Tạm dịch: Đối với họ, việc tham gia hoặc lãnh đạo 1 nhóm tình nguyện viên đi tour trong nước hoặc quốc tế và làm việc với mục đích làm giảm những vấn đề như đói nghèo, vô gia cư, hoặc thiệt hại về môi trường đã làm cho những kì nghỉ xuân trở thành những trải nghiệm học tập độc đáo mà các sinh viên cảm thấy bổ ích.

Dịch bài đọc:

Đối với nhiều sinh viên Mĩ, tuần nghỉ lễ mùa xuân có nghĩa là một bữa tiệc dài bất tận trên bãi biển đầy nắng ở Florida hoặc Mexico. Thành phố bãi biển Panama ở bang Florida, thành phố có số dân định cư vào khoảng 36,000 người, nhiều hơn 1 nửa triệu số sinh viên đại học tới đây vào tháng 3 mỗi năm để vui chơi và tiệc tùng, trở thành điểm đến số một trong kì nghỉ mùa xuân ở Mĩ. Tuy nhiên không phải sinh viên nào cũng nhậu nhẹt trong suốt một tuần lễ, và một số lượng ngày càng đông các sinh viên Mĩ đã tìm ra cách để khiến cho kì nghỉ mùa xuân có ý nghĩa. Đối với họ, việc tham gia hoặc dẫn dắt một nhóm tình nguyện viên đi tour trong nước hoặc quốc tế và làm việc với mục đích làm giảm những vấn đề như đói nghèo, vô gia cư, hoặc thiệt hại về môi trường đã làm cho những kì nghỉ xuân trở thành những trải nghiệm học tập độc đáo mà các sinh viên cảm thấy bổ ích. Những sinh viên tham gia vào các dự án „kì nghỉ xuân thay thế’ nhận thấy chúng rất bổ ích. Trong khi đó hầu hết sinh viên phải có được tấm bằng đại học trước khi họ bắt tay vào giúp đỡ những người khác thì những sinh viên tình nguyện có thể giúp đỡ công động ngay bây giờ. Mặt khác, chỗ ở thì không hề hấp dẫn. Những sinh viên thường xuyên phải ngủ trên sàn ở trường học hoặc dành cả tuần cắm trại trong lều. Nhưng họ chỉ phải trả khoảng 250 đô la cho các bữa ăn và phương tiện đi lại, ít hơn số tiền mà bạn bè họ bỏ ra để đi tới những địa điểm nóng dành cho kì nghỉ xuân truyền thống.

Các chuyến ‘kì nghỉ xuân thay thế’ dường như ngày càng phổ biến ở các trường đại học ở Mĩ. Sinh viên đưa ra hàng ngàn lí do để tham gia. Một số đánh giá cao cơ hội được giao tiếp và gặp gỡ những người bạn mới. Một số khác muốn thực hiện niềm tin của bản thân về sứ mệnh của con người là phục vụ nhân loại và làm cho thế giới trở nên tốt đẹp hơn bất kể vì lí do gì, những sinh viên này đã khám phá ra điều mang lại cho họ những phần thưởng quý giá khi không ở trong trường học.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) when 10– to 12–hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

13 tháng 7 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) when 10– to 12–hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half–day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's.

In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930' s. In 1914, Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.

The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8–hour day, 5–day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5–hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37–hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6– to a 5–day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.

Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?

A. To restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek

B. To discourage workers from asking for increased wages.

C. To establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek.

D. To allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers.

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

13 tháng 7 2018

C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Điều nào sau đây được đề cập là một trong những mục đích của Đạo luật Tiêu chuẩn Lao động Công bằng năm 1938?

A. Hạn chế giao dịch với các quốc gia có một tuần làm việc dài.

B. Để ngăn cản người lao động yêu cầu tăng lương.

C. Để thiết lập một giới hạn về số giờ trong tuần làm việc.

D. Cho phép nhà tuyển dụng thiết lập độ dài của tuần làm việc cho công nhân của họ.

Thông tin: In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States.

Đáp án:C

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42. For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

3 tháng 2 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots.

Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people’s obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work

What is the passage mainly about?

A. Students’ travelling preferences

B. A traditional approach to spring breaks

C. American students’ social life

D. Students’ alternative spring breaks

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

3 tháng 2 2019

Chọn D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Đoạn văn chủ yếu nói về điều gì?

A. Sự yêu thích đi du lịch của sinh viên

B. Cách tiếp cận truyền thống với kì nghỉ nghỉ xuân

C. Đời sống xã hội của sinh viên Mỹ

D. Kỳ nghỉ xuân thay thế của sinh viên

Thông tin: a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter… Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding… Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States.

Tạm dịch: và một số lượng ngày càng đông các sinh viên Mĩ đã tìm ra cách để khiến cho kì nghỉ xuân có ý nghĩa… . Những sinh viên tham gia vào các dự án „kì nghỉ xuân thay thế’ nhận thấy chúng rất bổ ích… Các chuyến „kì nghỉ xuân thay thế’ dường như ngày càng phổ biến ở các trường đại học ở Mĩ

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

24 tháng 11 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots.

Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people’s obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work

The word “them” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.

A. degrees

B. people

C. projects

D. students

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

24 tháng 11 2017

Chọn C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ “them” ở đoạn 1 là chỉ ______.

A. những tấm bằng

B. mọi người

C. những dự án

D. những sinh viên

Thông tin: Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding.

Tạm dịch: Những sinh viên tham gia vào các dự án „kì nghỉ xuân thay thế’ nhận thấy chúng rất bổ ích

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

17 tháng 2 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to show problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots.

Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people’s obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place. Whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work

The word “cite” in paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A. listing

B. getting

C. avoiding

D. inventing

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

17 tháng 2 2017

Chọn A

Kiến thức: Từ đồng nghĩa

Giải thích:

Từ "cite" (trích dẫn) trong đoạn 2 có nghĩa là ______.

A. listing (n): sự ghi lại thành danh sách

B. getting (n): sự khai thác, thu hoạch

C. avoiding (adj): tránh

D. inventing (adj): phát minh, sáng chế ‘

Thông tin: Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating.

Tạm dịch: Các chuyến ‘kì nghỉ xuân thay thế’ dường như ngày càng phổ biến ở các trường đại học ở Mĩ. Sinh viên đưa ra hàng ngàn lí do để tham gia

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) when 10– to 12–hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

19 tháng 4 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) when 10– to 12–hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half–day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's.

In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930' s. In 1914, Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.

The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8–hour day, 5–day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5–hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37–hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6– to a 5–day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has been declining since the nineteenth century?

A. Henry Ford.

B. German metalworkers

C. The half–day holiday.

D. United States Steel and Westinghouse.

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

19 tháng 4 2017

D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập là bằng chứng cho thấy độ dài của tuần làm việc đã giảm từ thế kỷ XIX?

A. Henry Ford.

B. Công nhân kim loại ở Đức.

C. Ngày nghỉ nửa ngày.

D. US Steel and Westinghouse.

Thông tin: In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.

Đáp án:D

Dịch bài đọc:

Theo các nhà nhân chủng học, mọi người trong xã hội tiền công nghiệp đã dành 3-4 giờ mỗi ngày hoặc khoảng 20 giờ mỗi tuần để thực hiện công việc cần thiết cho cuộc sống. Tuy nhiên, so sánh hiện đại về số lượng công việc được thực hiện mỗi tuần, bắt đầu với Cuộc Cách mạng Công nghiệp (1760-1840) khi ngày làm việc từ 10 đến 12 giờ với sáu ngày làm việc mỗi tuần là tiêu chuẩn. Tuy nhiên, ngay cả với thời gian trải dài dành cho công việc, cả thu nhập và mức sống đều thấp. Khi thu nhập tăng gần cuối cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp, nó trở nên ngày càng phổ biến khi dành buổi chiều thứ bảy như một nửa ngày nghỉ. Một nửa ngày nghỉ đã trở thành tiêu chuẩn ở Anh vào những năm 1870, nhưng đã không trở nên phổ biến ở Hoa Kỳ cho đến những năm 1920.

Tại Hoa Kỳ, trong một phần ba đầu tiên của thế kỷ hai mươi đã cho thấy tuần làm việc di động từ 60 giờ một tuần đến dưới 50 giờ vào đầu những năm 1930. Năm 1914, Henry Ford giảm số giờ làm việc hàng ngày tại các nhà máy ô tô của mình từ 9 xuống còn 8. Năm 1926, ông thông báo rằng từ nay các nhà máy của ông sẽ đóng cửa cả ngày vào thứ Bảy. Vào thời điểm đó, Ford đã nhận được những lời chỉ trích từ các công ty khác như US Steel và Westinghouse, nhưng ý tưởng này rất phổ biến với công nhân.

Những năm suy thoái của những năm 1930 mang lại cho họ khái niệm về chia sẻ công việc để truyền bá công việc có sẵn xung quanh; tuần làm việc giảm xuống còn 35 giờ ở Hoa Kỳ. Năm 1938 Đạo luật Tiêu chuẩn Lao động Công bằng bắt buộc một tuần làm việc tối đa 40 giờ bắt đầu vào năm 1940, và kể từ đó, ngày làm việc 8 giờ, tuần làm việc 5 ngày là tiêu chuẩn ở Hoa Kỳ. Tuy nhiên, các điều chỉnh ở những nơi khác nhau cho thấy tiêu chuẩn này không phải là bất biến. Ví dụ, năm 1987, các công nhân làm kim loại của Đức đã đình công và nhận được một tuần làm việc 37,5 giờ; và vào năm 1990, nhiều công nhân ở Anh đã giành được một tuần làm 37 giờ. Kể từ năm 1989, chính phủ Nhật đã chuyển từ 6 xuống còn 5 ngày làm việc trong tuần và đã đặt mục tiêu quốc gia là 1.800 giờ làm việc mỗi năm cho nhân viên trung bình. Số lượng công việc trung bình mỗi năm ở Nhật Bản năm 1989 là 2.088 giờ cho mỗi công nhân, so với 1.957 ở Hoa Kỳ và 1.646 ở Pháp.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) when 10– to 12–hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

24 tháng 5 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) when 10– to 12–hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half–day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's.

In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930' s. In 1914, Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.

The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8–hour day, 5–day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5–hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37–hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6– to a 5–day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.

Compared to preindustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth century______.

A. remained constant

B. decreased slightly

C. decreased significantly

D. increased significantly

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

24 tháng 5 2019

D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

So với thời kỳ tiền công nghiệp, số giờ trong tuần làm việc trong thế kỷ XIX ______.

A. vẫn không đổi

B. giảm nhẹ

C. giảm đáng kể

D. tăng đáng kể

Thông tin: According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm.

Đáp án:D