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1. A man answer the phone. He told me you were away
=> a man who answer the phone, told me you were away
2. They volunteer to help the victims. Their houses were destroyed by a flood
=> they volunteer to help the victims whose houses were destroyed by a flood
3. Joan was planning to go to the conference. Her colleagues were waiting for him there
=> Joan was planning to go to the conference whose colleagues were waiting for him there
4. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient
=> a waitress who served us was very impolite and impatient
5. He has written a lot of emails. He has contacted his friends all over the world via emails
=> he who has written a lot of emails has contacted his friends all over the world via emails
6. I met Alice's father. He worked at the university
=> i met Alice's father who worked at the university
7. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital
=> a girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital
8. The film The Dark terrified her a lot. She watched it last night
=> The film The Dark terrified her a lot which she watched last night
9. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt
=> A building was destroyed in the fire which has now been rebuilt
10. John Bridge is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada
=> John Bridge who is one of my oldest friends has just gone to live in Canada
11. Don't use this product. It is not suitable to your hair
=> Don't use this product which isn't suitable to your hair
12. The birds have flown away. I found their nest in the tree behind my house
=> The birds have flown away i found whose nest in the tree behind my house
13. Some people were arrested. They have now been release
=> some people who were arrested have now been release
14. He is curious about the reason. She has been sa in recent day for that reasson
=> he who is curious about the reason has been sa in recent day for that reasson
II. Choose the correct answer for each sentence:
1. ___________ she was very hard working, she hardly earned enough to support her family.
a. In spite of b. Because c. Because of d. Although
2. ___________ her absence from the school yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
a. Despite b. Because c. Because of d. As
3. ___________ his lack of time, he watches football every night.
a. Although b. Because of c. In spite of d. Because
4. Alan always overeats at lunch ____________ he never eats breakfast.
a. because b. because of c. Even though d. in spite of
5. __________ I told the absolaute truth, no one would believe me.
a. Even though b. In spite of c. Since d. As
6. The goods was never delivered ___________ the promise we had received.
a. since b. as c. because d. in spite of
7. ____________ the meeting’s at 2:00, I won’t be able to see you.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Because d. Because of
8. My mother is always complaining __________ the untidiness of my room.
a. because b. because of c. since d. as
9. I didn’t get the job ____________ I had all the necessary qualifications
a. because b. because of c. although d. despite
10. It’s unsafe to travel in that country __________ the civil war.
a. in spite of b. despite c. due to d. a & b are correct
tents come in ___ shapes and sizes
A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously
12/ ____, we'll arrive before dark
A. Hope B. hopeful c. hopefully d. hopefulness
13/ we're reading a ___ book this week
a. differ b. difference c. different d. differently
14/ she has been ___ criticized in the press
a. heavy b. heaviness c. heavier d. heavily
15/ after the accident he suffered from loss of____
a. momory b. memorize c. memorable d. memorably
16/ diet plays an important role in the ___ of heart disease
a. manage b. manager c. management d. manageable
17/ students say it is helpful if teachers ____ their pronunciation
a. correct b, correction c. correctuve d. correctly
18. many locals are ___ opposed to the development
a. strength b. strong c. strengthen d. strongly
19/ keep ___ by eating well and exercising regularly
a. health b. healthful c. healthy d. healthily
II Grammar
1. the taxi driver's strike ____ last month
a. began b. had begun
2. we ___ her brother since last sunday
a. didn't see b. haven't seen c. don't see d. hadn't seen
3. she has worked forr this company ___ many years ,____1990
a. since/ since b. for / since c. for/ in d. since / in
4. i haven't see Julie ___ christmas
a. for b. from c. since d. during
5. my wife and i ___ three time since we ___ married
a. moved/ got b. move / have got c. have moved / got d. have moved / have got
6. we are talking about the car __ has a red roof
a. who b. whom c. which d. where
7.they have changed the law
a. the law has been change
b. the law has been changed
c. the has to be changed
d. the law has been changing
8. this is the bank __ was robbed yesterday
a. which b. that c. who d. a&b
9. he came with a friend ___ waited outside
a. whom b. which c. who d. when
10. i have received your letters
a. your letters have been received
b. your letters have been receive
c. yourr letters has been receive
d. your letters have received
11. mary , __ knew nothing about the mountain thought it would be safe to climb alone
a. who b. that c. whom d. a&b
12. the book about ____ i told you yesterday has been stolen
a. that b. who c. whom d. which
13. look at the those dark clouds!. Yes, it looks like ___ any minute
a. it's going to rain b. it's raining c. it will rain
14. i'd better get back to the hotel room before the storm. OK___ you later
a. i'm seeing b. i'll see c. i see
15. hi, honey. how's is going ? Great ___ fishing with Grandpa tomorrow
a. i go b. i'm going to c. i'm going
16. have fun but don't forget. you have to finish that paper. I know. Mom ___ it tomorrow. i already have the envelope
a. i'm mailing b. i won't mail c. i mail
17 . Ann is in hopspital. Yes i know ___her tomorrow
a. i visit b. will visit c. are going to visit
18. would you like to join linda and me tomorrow? we __ the natural history museum." sure. I've never been there
a. visit b. will visit c. are going to visit
19. we can't go to Julia's party __ we're going away that weekend
a. because b. because of c. although d. in spite of
20. she walked home by herself __ she knew that it was dangerous
a. because b. although c. and d. despite
21. __ some German and British management styles are similar, there are many differences between them
a. in spite b. in spite of c. although d. despite
22. I could not eat ___ I was very hungry
a. even though b. in spite c. despite d. in spite the fact that
23. julie passed the exam __ of woking very har
a/ despite b. because c. in spite d. though
24. ___ he had enough money, he could buy a new car
a. despite b. in spite of c. because of d. because
25. ___, he walked to the station
a. despite being tired b. although to be tired c. in spite being tired d. despite tired
26 the children slept well, despite_____
a. it was noise b. the noise c. of the noise d. noisy
27. she left him __ she still loved him
a. even if b. even though c. in spite of d. despite
28. ___ her lack of hard work, she wasn't promoted
a. because b. even though c. because of d. in spite of
29/ ourr new neighbors are quite nice ___ they are sometimes talkative
A. despite b. in spite of the fact c. though d. despite of
30/ __ of the difficulty they managed to climb to the top of the mountain
a. in spite b. despite c. but a. although
31. because __ , we arrived late
a. of the traifec b. the traffic b. the heavy traffic. d. of there was heavy traffic
REwrite the sentences
1. although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived lat for the concert
=> In spite of taking a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
2. we wen out although it rained heavily
=> Despite the heavy rain, we went out.
3. she didn't go to school because she was seriously ill
=> Because of her serious sickness, she didn't go to school.
4. rice grows well here because of the warm and wet cimate
=> Because the climate is warm and wet, rice grows well.
5. although he didn't speak english, Bob decided to settle in england
=> In spite of not speaking English, Bob decided to settle in England.
6. in spite of his suffering from a bad cold, William still went to school
=> Although William suffered from a bad cold, he still went to school.
7. although he had a good salary he was unhappy in his life
=> In spite of having a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.
8. ba was punished because he was lazy
=> Because of his laziness, Ba was punished.
9. because he is kind , everybody loves him
=> Because of his kindness, everybody loves him.
10. they are always happy although they have very little money
=> In spite of having very little money, they are always happy.
11. TOM went to work although he didn't feel very well
=> Despite not feeling well, Tom went to work.
12. i have tried hard but I can't earn enough money
=> In spite of having tried hard, I can't earn enough money.
13. although he took a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert
=> Despite taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
14 In spite of his suffering from a bad cold, William wen to schoold
=> Though he suffered from a bad cold, William went to school.
15. though he tried hard he didn't succeed
=> In spite of having tried hard, he didn't succeed.
1. ________ having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job.
A. Although B. While C. In spite of D. Despite of
2. ________ the internet is very popular, many older people do not know how to use it.
A. However B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. Despite
3. _________ he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take part in the inter-university athletics meet.
A. Although B. While C. Where as D. yet
4. __________ what Megan prepared for the job interview, she didn’t pass it.
A. Despite of B. In spite of C. Though D. However
5. Bruce was not praised_________ he was a hard worker.
A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. no matter how
6. It looks like they are going to succeed_________ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. although C. in spite D. even though
7. Mary usually goes to parties. She likes meeting people and crowded places ________she is rather shy.
A. In spite of B. Even though C. On the contrary D. In other words
1. ___________ she was very hard working, she hardly earned enough to support her family.
a. In spite of b. Because c. Because of d. Although
2. ___________ her absence from the school yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
a. Despite b. Because c, because of d, of
3. ___________ his lack of time, he watches football every night.
a. Although b. Because of c. In spite of d. Because
4. Alan always overeats at lunch ____________ he never eats breakfast.
a. because b. because of c. Even though d. in spite of
5. __________ I told the absolaute truth, no one would believe me.
a. Even though b. In spite of c. Since d. As
6. The goods was never delivered ___________ the promise we had received.
a. since b. as c. because d. in spite of
7. ____________ the meeting’s at 2:00, I won’t be able to see you.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Because d. Because of
8. My mother is always complaining __________ the untidiness of my room.
a. because b. because of c. since d. as
9. I didn’t get the job ____________ I had all the necessary qualifications
a. because b. because of c. although d. despite
10. It’s unsafe to travel in that country __________ the civil war.
a. in spite of b. despite c. due to d. a & b are correct
11. Many people don’t want to live in big cities ________ big cities are often heavily polluted
a. but b. because c. and d. though
12. __________ she heard the door bell ring, she did not answer it.
a. However b. Because c. Even though d. As if
13. Despite the storm, the climbers decided to go on
a. In spite of it was storm b. Although there was a storm
c. Because ut stormed d. Due to it storms
14. He stopped working because he was too tired
a. because of his tiredness b. since being tired
c. for tired d. although his tiredness
1. Because the sea was rough, the ferry couldn’t sail.
à Because of_____ the rough sea , the ferry couldn’t sail._________
2. In spite of being full water, the boat sailed on
à Although______the boat was full water, the boat sailed on______
3. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads
à Because ____the roads were icy,There were a lot of accidents _____
4. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in life.
à Despite__having a good salary, he was unhappy in life.____
5. Despite losing her way tiwe, she arrived safely
à Though___she lost her way tiwe, she arrived safely_____
1. ___________ she was very hard working, she hardly earned enough to support her family.
a. In spite of b. Because c. Because of d. Although
2. ___________ her absence from the school yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
a. Despite b. Because c, because of d, of
3. ___________ his lack of time, he watches football every night.
a. Although b. Because of c. In spite of d. Because
4. Alan always overeats at lunch ____________ he never eats breakfast.
a. because b. because of c. Even though d. in spite of
5. __________ I told the absolaute truth, no one would believe me.
a. Even though b. In spite of c. Since d. As
6. The goods was never delivered ___________ the promise we had received.
a. since b. as c. because d. in spite of
7. ____________ the meeting’s at 2:00, I won’t be able to see you.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Because d. Because of
8. My mother is always complaining __________ the untidiness of my room.
a. because b. because of c. since d. as
9. I didn’t get the job ____________ I had all the necessary qualifications
a. because b. because of c. although d. despite
10. It’s unsafe to travel in that country __________ the civil war.
a. in spite of b. despite c. due to d. a & b are correct
11. Many people don’t want to live in big cities ________ big cities are often heavily polluted
a. but b. because c. and d. though
12. __________ she heard the door bell ring, she did not answer it.
a. However b. Because c. Even though d. As if
13. Despite the storm, the climbers decided to go on
a. In spite of it was storm b. Although there was a storm
c. Because ut stormed d. Due to it storms
14. He stopped working because he was too tired
a. because of his tiredness b. since being tired
c. for tired d. although his tiredness
1. Because the sea was rough, the ferry couldn’t sail.
à Because of_____ the rough sea , the ferry couldn’t sail._________
2. In spite of being full water, the boat sailed on
à Although______the boat was full water, the boat sailed on______
3. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads
à Because ____the roads were icy,There were a lot of accidents _____
4. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in life.
à Despite__having a good salary, he was unhappy in life.____
5. Despite losing her way tiwe, she arrived safely
à Though___she lost her way tiwe, she arrived safely_____
1. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A. As B .Though C. Since D. Despite
2. He is a very intelligent boy, _______he is very lazy
A. but B. and C. or D. so
3. _______I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends
A. though B. since C. because of D. so that
4. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
5. Lan couldn’t pass the exam_______she was too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
6. _______ his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
7. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A. despite B. in spite of C. becacuse of D. though
8. _______ the weather, we went sailing.
A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. A and B
9. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A. though B. although C. eventhough D. all are correct
17. _____it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. However D. Although
18. _____he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.
A. Although B. However C. Therefore D. Still
19. He was offered the job______his qualifications were poor.
A. despite B. in spite of C. even though D. Whereas
19. ______ we were in town, we often met him.
A. For B. Although C. So D. When
20. She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications.
A. because B. although C. so D. but
21. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. in spite the fact that
22. In pite _____, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
23. ______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
24. ______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
25. The children slept well, despite _____.
A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
26. She left him __________ she still loved him.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
27. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite B. Even though C. in spite of D. despite of
28. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like.
A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of
29. We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces ________ we must also think of our environment.
A. despite B. though C. as though D. but
30. ______ some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority of Japanese companies are run by men.
A. But B. Even if C. If D. As though
Rewriting these sentences without changing their meanings
1. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick
-> Because of ___her mother's sickness, Margaret stayed home ________
2. The train came late because it was foggy
-> Because of __the foggy weather, The train came late _________
3. In spite of his suffering from a bad cold, William still went to school
-> Although __he surffered from a bad cold, William still went to school_________
4. Because of the boring film, I decided to leave early
-> Because ____the film was boring, I decided to leave early_______
5. Because of the rough sea, we can't swim today
-> Because _____the sea is rough, we can't swim today______
6. Because of the cold weather, he stayed at home and watched TV
-> Because ____the weather was cold, he stayed at home and watched TV_______
7. In spite of the bad weather, they are going to have a picnic
-> Although ___the weather is bad, they are going to have a picnic ________
8. In spite of the high price, her father bought that computer for her
-> Although ____the price was high, her father bought that computer for her ________
9. In spite of her illness, she went to work
-> Although ____she was ill, she went to work _______
10. Although he is ill, he tries to go to school on time
-> In spite of __his illness , he tries to go to school on time_________
11. Most of the time, Claire does her homework after dinner (usually)
-> Claire ____usually spends most of the time doing her homework after dinner ___________
12. Chris doesn't enjoy sports (like)
-> Chris _____doesn't like sports________
13. Do you like ice-skating ? (fond)
-> Are ____you fond of ice-skating__________
14. Do you have plans for tonight ? (doing)
-> What ___are you doing for tonight_________
15. She never went abroad when she was a child (go)
-> She _____didn't use to go abroad when she was a child _________
Rewriting these sentences without changing their meanings
1. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick
-> Because of Margaret's mother sickness, Margaret stayed home.
2. The train came late because it was foggy
-> Because of being foggy, the train came late.
3. In spite of his suffering from a bad cold, William still went to school
-> Although William suffered from a bab cold, he still went to school.
4. Because of the boring film, I decided to leave early
-> Because the film is boring , I decided to leave early
5. Because of the rough sea, we can't swim today
-> Because the sea is rough, we can't swim today
6. Because of the cold weather, he stayed at home and watched TV
-> Because the weaher is cold, he stayed at home and watched TV
7. In spite of the bad weather, they are going to have a picnic
-> Although the weather is bad, they are going to have a picnic
8. In spite of the high price, her father bought that computer for her
-> Although the price was high, her father bought that computer for her
9. In spite of her illness, she went to work
-> Although she was ill, she went to work
10. Although he is ill, he tries to go to school on time
-> In spite of his illness, he tries to go to school on time
11. Most of the time, Claire does her homework after dinner (usually)
-> Claire usually does her homework after dinner
12. Chris doesn't enjoy sports (like)
-> Chris does not like sports
13. Do you like ice-skating ? (fond)
-> Are you fond of ice-skating
14. Do you have plans for tonight ? (doing)
-> What are you doing tonight ?
15. She never went abroad when she was a child (go)
-> She used to go abroad
WRITE A SENTENCE WITH IF FOR EACH SITUATION
1. he is poor, so he can't make an abroad tour
-> were he not poor, he could make an abroad tour
2. we came home from ourr holiday early because we ran out of money
-> had we not run out of money,we wouldn't have come home from ourr holiday early
3. i can't enter the room now because i left the key at home
-> if I hadn't left the key at home,I would have entered the room now
4/ the men is wearing protective clothing, so they are safe
-> the men wouldn't be safe if they weren't wearing protective clothing
5. be patient or you will destroy everything
-> if you aren't patient, you will destroy everything
6. they used to drink beer for breakfast in england years ago
-> beer used to be drunk for breakfast in england years ago
#cont
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. i think you shouldn't take part in this dancing club
-> if i were you,I wouldn't take part in this dancing club
2. i advise you to listen to the teacher during the lesson
-> if i were you,I would listen to the teacher during the lesson
3. leave me alone or i will call the police
-> if you leave me alone , i will call the police
4. finish your paper or you can't go home
-> if you don't finish your paper , you can't go home
5. they made the little boy climb the chimneys to clean them
-> the little boy was made to climb the chimneys to clean them
6. they say exercise is good for health
-> exercise is said to be good for health
7. you need to have your hair cut
-> your hair needs cutting
8. andrew wanted to ask Frank Sinatra for his autograph, but he wasn't brave enough
-> had andrew been brave enough,he would have asked Frank Sinatra for his autograph.
9. i don't know anything about plumbing so i can't fix the leak in the sink myself
-> were I to know anything about plumbing ,I could fix the leak in the sink myself
10. you need to have your housse rebuilt
-> your house needs rebuilting
11. my parents have just given one of my most favorite toy to me
-> one of my most favorite toys has just been given to me by parents
12. it is said that on of the workers quits the job
-> one of the workers is said to quit the job
13. the students need to do homework every day
-> the homework needs doing be the students everyday
14. my father made me get to school by bike
-> i was made to get to school by bike
15. the kind boss has allowed the unemployed to work in his company
-> the unemployed have been allowed to work in the kind boss's company
16. he doesn't like people laughing at him
-> he doesn't like being laughed at
17. mrs. lan has taken care of the old in my neighborhood recently
-> the old in my neighborhood has been taken care by mrs lan recently
18. no one in my family has eaten a snail before
-> a snail has never been eaten before in my family
19. nobody in the party has tasted my dishes
-> my dishes has never been tasted in the party
20. bring the raincoat with you or you will get wet on the way back
-> should you bring the raincoat with you or you will get wet on the way back
21. there is a grammar error in this English essay, that's why it can't get a full mark
-> if there weren't a grammar error in this English essay, it could get a full mark
22. because i don't have a typewriter, i can't type it myself
-> i could type it if I had a typewriter
23. he was tired so he made a mistake
-> if he weren't tired ,he wouldn't have made a mistake
24. he has just brought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room
-> some cups of tea have just been bought for the visitors in the next room
25. she can't be employed because she doesn't have college degree
-> if she had college degree,she could be employed
26. there are industrial factories inside the city, that's why pollution can't be reduced
-> pollution could be reduced if there weren't industrial factories inside the city
27. it rained heavily so they didn't go camping last sunday
-> had it not rained heavily ,they would have gone camping last sunday
28. although the weather was bad, i still got to schoold
-> in spite of the bad weather,i still got to schoold
29. he still went to work although he felt too tired
-> despite being tired,he still went to work
30. because it rained , we decided to stay home and watch tv
-> because of raining, we decided to stay home and watch tv
REWRITING USING THE WORD GIVEN:
1) A waitress was very impolite and impatient. She served us. (relative pronoun)
-->.....A waitress who served us was very impolite and impatient .....................................
2) A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt. (relative pronoun)
-->......the building which has now been rebuilt was destroyed in the fire.........................................
3) The dog has eaten an apple (passive voice)
-->An apple ........has been eaten by the dog...................................
4) The news has made us laugh. (passive voice)
-->We. . .. ..have been made to laugh by the news..................... ........
5) Although I have got a lot of books, I like "Gone with the wind".(In spite of)
-->.......in spite of having a lot of books, I like "Gone with the wind....................................
6) We delayed the flight because of the heavy rain. ( bacause)
-->Because.. ...the rain was heavy, We delayed the flight. ... ..... . .............
7) You should keep your promise although you have got a lot of difficulties.( In spite of)
-->.........in spite of having a lot of difficulties, You should keep your promise..................................
8) My brother couldn't come back home because she spent all of his money.
-->Because of..........spending all of his money, My brother couldn't come back home ........ ...
9) They decided to leave early because of the boring party.
--> Because... .. ....the party was boring, They decided to leave early......................
Cam ơn. 😊