Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difﬁculties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientiﬁc and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 46: Why does the author state that observations are taken “just once every twelve hours”?

A. To indicate that the observations are timely

B. To show Why the observations are of limited value

C. To compare data from balloons and computers

D. To give an example of international cooperation

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

24 tháng 1 2017

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Tại sao tác giả lại khẳng định rằng những quan sát được thực hiện “chi một lần vào mỗi 12 giờ”?

A. Để chỉ ra rằng sự quan sát rất đúng giờ.

B. Để giải thích tại sao sự quan sát có giá trị giới hạn.

C. Để so sánh số liệu từ khinh khí cầu và máy tính.

D. Đế cho ví dụ về sự hợp tác quốc tế.

Giải thích: Trong đoạn 1 có nói rằng: “the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes... In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles” - “số liệu thời tiết sẵn có thường không đủ chi tiết để cho phép máy tính phân biệt những thay đổi thời tiết phức tạp... Ở hầu hết các quốc gia, ví dụ, quan sát từ khinh khí cầu chỉ được thực hiện một lần mỗi 12 giờ đồng hồ ớ những địa điểm bị chia cách bởi hàng trăm dặm”

=> Như vậy có thể hiểu dữ liệu mang lại từ quan sát truyền thống không đủ giá trị để dự báo chính xác.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

15 tháng 1 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difﬁculties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientiﬁc and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 44: Why does the author mention the tornado in Edmonton, Canada?

A. To indicate that tornadoes are common in the summer

B. To give an example of a damaging storm

C. To explain different types of weather

D. To show that tornadoes occur frequently in Canada

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

15 tháng 1 2017

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Tại sao tác giả lại đề cập đến vòi rồng ở Edmonton, Canada?

A. Để chỉ ra rằng vòi rồng rất phổ biến trong mùa hè

B. Để cho ví dụ về một cơn bão gây thiệt hại

C. Để giải thích những loại thời tiết khác nhau

D. Để chỉ ra rằng vòi rồng thường xảy ra ở Canada

Giải thích: Ta đọc đoạn 1: “Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather... One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta” - “Rất nhiều trong số những kiểu thời tiết nguy hiểm và đe dọa mạng sống... Một sự kiện như thế, một cơn vòi rồng, đã đánh vào miền Đông Bắc của Edmonton, Alberta”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

30 tháng 11 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difﬁculties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientiﬁc and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 49:With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?

A. Communications satellites can predict severe weather.

B. Meteorologists should standardize computer programs.

C. The observation-intensive approach is no longer useful.

D. Weather predictions are becoming more accurate.

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

30 tháng 11 2019

Đáp án D

Dịch nghĩa: Với khẳng định nào trong số sau tác giả có thể đồng ý nhất?

A. Vệ tinh giao tiếp có thể dự báo thời tiết khắc nghiệt

B. Những nhà thiên văn học nên chuẩn hóa những chương trình máy tính

C. Cách quan sát thường xuyên không còn có tác dụng

D. Dự báo thời tiết đang trở nên chính xác hơn

Giải thích: Đọc câu cuối của đoạn văn: “As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming reality” - “Khi những nhà thiên văn học bắt đầu sử dụng những công nghệ mới này trong những cơ quan dự báo thời tiết, Nowcasting đang trở thành hiện thực.”

=> Như vậy có thể thấy tác giả có cái nhìn lạc quan về độ chính xác của dự báo thời tiết trong tương lai.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

3 tháng 8 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difﬁculties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientiﬁc and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 45: The word “subtle” is closest in meaning to: ______.

A. complex

B. regular

C. imagined

D. slight

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

3 tháng 8 2019

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Từ “subtle” gần nghĩa nhất với ______.

A. phức tạp

B. thông thường

C. tưởng tượng ra

D. nhẹ mỏng

Giải thích: (to) be subtle = (to) be complex: phức tạp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

30 tháng 10 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difﬁculties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientiﬁc and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 43: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Computers and weather

B. Dangerous storms

C. Weather forecasting

D. Satellites

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

30 tháng 10 2019

Đáp án C

Dịch nghĩa: Bài viết thảo luận chủ yếu về điều gì?

A. máy tính và thời tiết

B. những cơn bão nguy hiểm

C. dự báo thời tiết

D. vệ tinh nhân tạo

Giải thích: Đọc bài ta thấy bài viết chủ yếu thảo luận về việc dự báo thời tiết.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

2 tháng 2 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difﬁculties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientiﬁc and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 50: Which of the following would best illustrate Nowcasting?

A. A ﬁve-day forecast

B. A warning about a severe thunderstorm on the radio.

C. The average rainfall for each month.

D. A list of temperatures in major cities.

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

2 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Câu nào sau đây miêu tả chính xác nhất Nowcasting?

A. Một dự báo thời tiết cho 5 ngày

B. Cảnh báo về một cơn bão nghiêm trọng trên đài

C. Lượng mưa trung bình mỗi tháng

D. Một danh sách nhiệt độ ở những thành phố lớn

Giải thích: Ta thấy tác giả nói về Nowcast: “the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible” - “cách dự báo bằng quan sát cần thiết cho dự báo chính xác, rất ngắn ngày, hay Nowcast, không còn khả thi”

=> Trong các phương án thì B là ngắn ngày nhất.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

21 tháng 11 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difﬁculties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientiﬁc and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting ofﬁces, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 47: The word “they” refers to: ______.

A. models

B. conditions

C. regions

D. events

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

21 tháng 11 2017

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Từ “they” nói đến

A. khuôn mẫu

B. điều kiện

C. vùng miền

D. sự kiện

Giải thích: Đọc cả câu ta thấy: “conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting speciﬁc local events” - “những kiểu dự báo truyền thống làm tốt hơn nhiều trong việc dự báo điều kiện thời tiết nói chung ớ những khu vực rộng lớn hơn là chúng có thế làm với dự báo những sự kiện thời tiết địa phương cụ thể.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

17 tháng 2 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

So, what is happening to our weather? Are these extreme events part of a natural cycle? Or are they caused by human activity and its effects on the Earth’s climate? Peter Miller says it’s probably a mixture of both of these things. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, El Niño and La Niña, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour – think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing. Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

According to the passage, extreme weather is a problem because ______.

A. we can never predict it

B. it only affects crowded places

C. it’s often very destructive

D. its causes are completely unknown

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

17 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án C

Theo bài đọc thời tiết khắc nghiệt là vấn đề bởi vì → nó có tính hủy diệt cao

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

14 tháng 5 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

So, what is happening to our weather? Are these extreme events part of a natural cycle? Or are they caused by human activity and its effects on the Earth’s climate? Peter Miller says it’s probably a mixture of both of these things. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, El Niño and La Niña, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour – think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing. Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

Which statement is NOT supported by the information in the passage?

A. Extreme weather is substantially influenced by human activity

B. Unusual weather events are part of natural cycles

C. We can limit the bad effects of extreme weather

D. Such extreme weather is hardly the consequence of human activity

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

14 tháng 5 2019

Đáp án D

Câu nào mà bài đọc không ủng hộ? → Thời tiết khắc nghiệt hiếm khi là hậu quả của hoạt động con người