Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources.

Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue. The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years - largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.

As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is "horse race" election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates' views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians' campaign goals.

Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert? In general, they don't. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.

According to the passage, which of the following tends to lead to homogenized coverage?

A. Journalists' use of experts as sources

B. Journalists' becoming friends with their sources

C. Journalists' search for alternative points of view

D. Journalists' using government officials as sources

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

4 tháng 4 2019

Đáp án B

Theo đoạn văn, điều nào sau đây có xu hướng dẫn đến sự bao phủ đồng nhất?

A. Các nhà báo sử dụng các chuyên gia làm nguồn.

B. Các nhà báo trở thành bạn với nguồn của chúng.

C. Các nhà báo tìm kiếm các quan điểm thay thế.

D. Các nhà báo sử dụng các quan chức chính phủ làm nguồn.

Căn cứ vào thông tin sau:

"Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of View. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind. " (Theo thời gian, các nhà báo thậm chí có thể trở thành bạn thân với nguồn của họ, và họ ngừng tìm kiếm các điểm thay thế xem. Kết quả có xu hướng thu hẹp, đồng nhất hóa phạm vi bao quát của cùng một loại.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news...

DM

Dương Minh

8 tháng 5 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources.

Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue. The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years - largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.

As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is "horse race" election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates' views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians' campaign goals.

Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert? In general, they don't. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.

It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the author of the passage thinks _____.

A. that watching or reading the news is extremely boring

B. that most news stories are false

C. that most people don't realize how different news is from reality

D. that most people don't pay enough attention to the news

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

8 tháng 5 2017

Đáp án C

CHỦ ĐỀ RECREATIONS

Có thể suy luận từ đoạn 1 rằng tác giả của đoạn văn nghĩ _____

A. xem hoặc đọc tin tức là rất nhàm chán

B. rằng hầu hết các câu chuyện tin tức là sai

C. hầu hết mọi người không nhân ra những tin tức khác nhau từ thực tế như thế nào

D. rằng hầu hết mọi người không chú ý đến tin tức

Căn cứ vào thông tin sau:

“How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is ﬁction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real." (Tin tức khác với giải trí như thế nào? Hầu hết mọi người sẽ trả lời rằng tin tức là có thật nhưng giải trí là hư cấu. Tuy nhiên, nếu chúng ta suy nghĩ cẩn thận hơn về tin tức, rõ ràng là tin tức không phải lúc nào cũng thực.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news...

DM

Dương Minh

28 tháng 2 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources.

Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue. The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years - largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.

As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is "horse race" election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates' views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians' campaign goals.

Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert? In general, they don't. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.

According to paragraph 3, an advantage of the inverted pyramid formula for journalists is that _____

A. if a story is cut by the editor, only the less crucial information will be lost

B. it makes a story more likely to be cut by the editor

C. it makes a story more likely to attract the attention of the audience

D. it makes a story simpler and easier to understand

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

28 tháng 2 2018

Đáp án A

Theo đoạn 3, lợi thế của công thức kim tự tháp ngược cho các nhà báo là _____.

A. nếu một câu chuyện được cắt bởi biên tập viên, chỉ có những thông tin ít quan trọng hơn sẽ bị mất

B. nó làm cho một câu chuyện có nhiều khả năng bị cắt bởi biên tập viên

C. làm cho một câu chuyện để thu hút sự chủ ý của khán giả

D. nó làm cho một câu chuyện đơn giản hơn và dễ hiểu hơn

Căn cứ vào thông tin sau:

“Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on.”

(Thay vào đó, họ phụ thuộc vào các công thức câu chuyện nhất định mà chúng có thể sử dụng lại. Một ví dụ được gọi là kim tự tháp đảo ngược. Trong công thức này, nhà báo đưa ra những thông tin quan trọng nhất ở phần đầu của câu chuyện, hơn là thêm vào phần quan trọng tiếp theo, …)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news...

DM

Dương Minh

19 tháng 5 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources.

Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue. The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years - largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.

As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is "horse race" election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates' views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians' campaign goals.

Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert? In general, they don't. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.

Why does the author mention Mickey Mouse in paragraph 2?

A. To indicate that ABC shows entertaining news stories

B. To give an example of news stories that are also advertisements

C. To contrast ABC's style with that of CBS

D. To give an example of news content that is not serious

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

19 tháng 5 2018

Đáp án B

Tại sao tác giả đề cập đến Mickey Mouse trong đoạn 2?

A. Để chỉ ra rằng ABC hiển thị các câu chuyện tin tức giải trí.

B. Để đưa ra một ví dụ về các câu chuyện tin tức cũng là quảng cáo.

C. So sánh phong cách ABC với phong cách của CBS.

D. Để đưa ra một ví dụ về nội dung tin tức không nghiêm trọng.

Căn cứ vào thông tin sau:

“Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse." (Một số chương trình phát sóng tin tức đã trở thành quảng cáo. Chẳng hạn, trong một tuần vào năm 1996 khi mạng CBS của Mỹ phát sóng một bộ phim về vụ chìm tàu Titanic, tin tức của CBS đã đưa ra 9 câu chuyện về sự kiện đó (đã xảy ra 84 năm trước). Mạng ABC thuộc sở hữu của Disney Studios, và thường xuyên chạy các tin tức về Mickey Mouse.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news...

DM

Dương Minh

15 tháng 6 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources.

Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue. The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years - largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.

As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is "horse race" election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates' views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians' campaign goals.

Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert? In general, they don't. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.

The word relayed in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. chosen

B. Known

C. gathered

D. sent

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

15 tháng 6 2019

Đáp án D

Từ “relayed” ở đoạn 3 gần nghĩa nhất với?

A. chọn B. biết C. tập hợp D. gửi

Căn cứ vào ngữ cảnh của câu sau:

“The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed.”

(Kim Tự tháp đảo ngược bắt nguồn từ thời đại của điện tín, ý tưởng là nếu đường dây đi chết nửa chừng qua câu chuyện, phóng viên sẽ biết rằng thông tin quan trọng nhất ít nhất đã được chuyển tiếp.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news...

DM

Dương Minh

14 tháng 11 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources.

Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue. The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years - largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.

As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is "horse race" election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates' views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians' campaign goals.

Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert? In general, they don't. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.

The word "them" in paragraph 4 refers to _____.

A. journalists

B. organizations

C. experts

D. sources

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

14 tháng 11 2018

Đáp án D

Từ “them” trong đoạn 4 để cập tới?

A. các nhà báo B. các tổ chức C. các chuyên gia D. các nguồn

Căn cứ vào thông tin sau:

“All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention (Tất cả các tổ chức tin tức lớn sử dụng một số nguồn giống nhau (nhiều nguồn vô danh), vì vậy cùng một loại câu chuyện luôn được chú ý.)

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentences "Thorough explication of the issues .... than on politicians' campaign goals. " in the passage?Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully...

DM

Dương Minh

11 tháng 9 2017

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentences "Thorough explication of the issues .... than on politicians' campaign goals. " in the passage?Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources.

Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue. The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years - largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.

As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is "horse race" election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates' views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians' campaign goals.

Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert? In general, they don't. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentences "Thorough explication of the issues .... than on politicians' campaign goals. " in the passage?

A. Journalists focus on poll numbers instead of campaign issues because it is easier.

B. journalists are more interested in issues and candidates' views, but viewers are more interested in who is winning.

C. During an election campaign, journalists mainly concentrate on "horse race" coverage.

D. Candidates' views and how they are explained by journalists can have a big effect on poll numbers.

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

11 tháng 9 2017

Đáp án A

Câu nào sau đây thể hiện tốt nhất thông tin cần thiết trong các câu được đánh dấu “Giải quyết triệt để các vấn đề … hơn là về các mục tiêu chiến dịch của các chính trị gia" trong đoạn văn?

A. Các nhà báo tập trung vào các số liệu thăm dò thay vì các vấn đề chiến dịch bởi vì nó dễ dàng hơn.

B. Các nhà báo quan tâm nhiều hơn đến các vấn đề và quan điểm của ứng cử viên, nhưng người xem quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ai là người chiến thắng.

C. Trong chiến dịch bầu cử, các nhà báo tập trung chủ yếu vào phạm vi “đua ngựa".

D. Quan điểm của ứng cử viên và cách giải thích của nhà báo có thể có ảnh hưởng lớn đến số liệu thăm dò.

Dịch bài

Tin tức khác với giải trí như thế nào? Hầu hết mọi người sẽ trả lời rằng tin tức là có thật nhưng giải trí là hư cấu. Tuy nhiên, nếu chúng ta suy nghĩ cẩn thận hơn về tin tức, rõ ràng là tin tức không phải lúc nào cũng thực. Tin tức không cho chúng ta biết tất cả các sự kiện trong ngày, nhưng những câu chuyện từ một số sự kiện đã chọn. Việc tạo ra các câu chuyện tin tức có những hạn chế cụ thể, giống như việc tạo ra các tác phẩm hư cấu. Có nhiều khó khăn, nhưng ba trong số những điều quan trọng nhất là: thương mại, công thức câu chuyện, và các nguồn.

Báo chí, đài phát thanh và đài truyền hình là các doanh nghiệp, tất cả đều là đối thủ cho khán giả và doanh thu quảng cao. Lượng thời gian mà đài truyền hình trung bình dành cho việc phát sóng tin tức đã tăng đều trong năm mươi năm qua - phần lớn bởi vì tin tức là tương đối rẻ để sản xuất, nhưng lại

bán nhiều quảng cáo. Một số chương trình phát sóng tin tức đã trở thành quảng cáo. Chẳng hạn, trong một tuần vào năm 1996 khi mạng CBS của Mỹ phát sóng một bộ phim về vụ chìm tàu Titanic, tin tức của CBS đã đưa ra 9 câu chuyện về sự kiện đó (đã xảy ra 84 năm trước). Mạng ABC thuộc sở hữu của Disney

Studios, và thường xuyên chạy các tin tức về Mickey Mouse. Hơn nữa, động cơ lợi nhuận làm cho các tổ chức tin tức chú ý nhiều hơn tới những câu chuyện có khả năng tạo ra một lượng khán giả lớn và tránh xa những câu chuyện có thể quan trọng nhưng ngớ ngẩn. Áp lực này mang tính giải trí đã tạo ra những câu

chuyện ngắn gọn hơn: tập trung vào người nổi tiếng hơn người khác, tập trung nhiều hơn vào tin đồn hơn là tin tức, và tập trung nhiều hơn vào các sự kiện kịch tính hơn là về những vấn đề đa dạng.

Khi những người bận rộn dưới áp lực không ngừng để sản xuất, các nhà báo không thể trải qua hàng ngày khổ sở qua cách tốt nhất để trình bày những câu chuyện. Thay vào đó, họ phụ thuộc vào các công thức câu chuyện nhất định mà chúng có thể sử dụng lại. Một ví dụ được gọi là kim tự tháp đảo ngược.

Trong công thức này, nhà báo đưa ra những thông tin quan trọng nhất ở phần đầu của câu chuyện, hơn là thêm vào phần quan trọng tiếp theo, vân vân. Kim Tự tháp đảo ngược bắt nguồn từ thời đại của điện tín, ý tưởng là nếu đường dây đi chết nửa chừng qua câu chuyện, phóng viên sẽ biết rằng thông tin quan trọng nhất ít nhất đã được chuyển tiếp. Các nhà báo hiện đại vẫn đánh giá công thức vì một lý do tương tự. Các biên tập viên của họ sẽ cắt các câu chuyện nếu quá dài. Công thức khác liên quan đến việc giảm một câu chuyện phức tạp thành một cuộc xung đột đơn giản. Ví dụ tốt nhất là bảo hiểm bầu cử “đua ngựa". Sự giải thích triệt để các vấn đề và quan điểm của ứng cử viên là rất phức tạp. Các nhà báo vì thế tập trung nhiều hơn vào ai là người giành chiến thắng trong các cuộc thăm dò ý kiến, và liệu người lười biếng có thể theo kịp các con số hơn là về các mục tiêu chiến dịch của các chính trị gia.

Các nguồn là một sự hạn chế đối với các nhà báo và cách thức họ che giấu nó. Các nguồn tin nổi bật là các nhân viên thông tin công cộng trong các doanh nghiệp và văn phòng chính phủ. Phần lớn các nhân viên này cố gắng tự khẳng định mình là những chuyên gia đủ điều kiện để cung cấp thông tin cho các nhà báo. Làm sao các nhà báo biết ai là chuyên gia? Nói chung, họ không. Họ sử dụng các nguồn không dựa trên kiến thức chuyên môn thực tế, nhưng về sự xuất hiện của chuyên môn và sự sẵn lòng chia sé nó. Tất cả các tổ chức tin tức lớn sử dụng một số nguồn giống nhau (nhiều nguồn vô danh), vì vậy cũng một loại câu chuyện luôn được chủ ý. Theo thời gian, các nhà báo thậm chí có thể trở thành

bạn thân với nguồn của họ, và họ ngừng tìm kiếm các điểm thay thế xem. Kết quả có xu hướng thu hẹp, động nhất hóa phạm vi bao quát của cùng một loại.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Many of us worry about the effects of television on family life. We think that we spend too much time watching television and that it takes us away from more important activities, such as reading, exercising and talking to family and friends. But is this really true?Studies have shown that people in the United States do spend a lot of time in front of their...

DM

Dương Minh

29 tháng 7 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Many of us worry about the effects of television on family life. We think that we spend too much time watching television and that it takes us away from more important activities, such as reading, exercising and talking to family and friends. But is this really true?

Studies have shown that people in the United States do spend a lot of time in front of their television sets. About 98% of American homes have at least one TV set, and in the average home the TV is on more than six hours a day. But how much attention do people actually pay to the programs? And do people who watch TV really spend less time on other free-time activities? Recently some researchers in New York City tried to find the answers to these questions by conducting a telephone survey. They phoned more than a thousand people all over the United States and asked them questions about how they spend their free time.

No one was surprised to find out that watching TV is the most popular free-time activity in the United States. More than 70% of those asked said that they watch TV every day or almost every day. The second most popular activity that they mentioned was reading the newspaper. Listening to music at home was third, talking on the phone to friends and relatives was fourth and doing some form of exercise was fifth.

But the researchers discovered an interesting fact about Americans' TV habits. According to this survey, although most people turn the TV on every day, they do not actually watch it very much. Six out of ten people said that when the TV is on, they seldom pay attention to it. During a typical television program, they may eat dinner, do housework, read a newspaper or magazine, talk to their children or even read to them. The TV may be on, but it is just background music.

The researchers therefore concluded that television does not take Americans away from more important activities. It doesn't keep them from doing other free-time activities. In fact, when they compared people who frequently watch TV and those who seldom watch TV, they found that there were no great differences in their other activities. The frequent watchers read to their children and talk to their families just as much as the others.

(Adapted from “Reading Academic English” by Judy Rapoport, Ronit Broder and Sarah Feingold)

According to the passage, the following are true, EXCEPT____.

A.Almost all American households own one or more TV sets.

B.Reading newspapers ranks second in popularity, just after watching TV.

C.American people have their TV on for more than a quarter of a day.

D.About a third of those asked spent more time on other free-time activities.

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

29 tháng 7 2019

Đáp án D

Theo đoạn văn, những câu sau đây là đúng, ngoại trừ .

A.Hầu hết tất cả các hộ gia đình người Mỹ đều có 1 hoặc nhiều cái TV trong nhà.

B.Đọc báo xếp thứ 2 về tính phổ biến, chỉ sau xem TV.

C.Người Mỹ thường mở TV trong khoảng hơn ¼ ngày.

D.Khoảng 1/3 những người được hỏi sử dụng nhiều thời gian cho các hoạt động giải trí khác.

Căn cứ vào các thông tin sau:

About 98% of American homes have at least one TV set, and in the average home the TV is on more than six hours a day. (Khoảng 98% các gia đình người Mỹ có ít nhất 1 cái TV, và trung bình mỗi gia đình TV được mở hơn 6 tiếng mỗi ngày). (Đoạn 2)

No one was surprised to find out that watching TV is the most popular free-time activity in the United States. More than 70% of those asked said that they watch TV every day or almost every day. The second most popular activity that they mentioned was reading the newspaper. (Không ai ngạc nhiên khi phát hiện rằng xem TV là hoạt động giải trí phổ biến nhất ở Mỹ. Hơn 70% những người được hỏi nói rằng họ xem TV mỗi ngày hay hầu như mỗi ngày. Hoạt động phổ biến thứ 2 mà họ đề cập là đọc báo) (Đoạn 3)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Many of us worry about the effects of television on family life. We think that we spend too much time watching television and that it takes us away from more important activities, such as reading, exercising and talking to family and friends. But is this really true?Studies have shown that people in the United States do spend a lot of time in front of their...

DM

Dương Minh

16 tháng 11 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Many of us worry about the effects of television on family life. We think that we spend too much time watching television and that it takes us away from more important activities, such as reading, exercising and talking to family and friends. But is this really true?

Studies have shown that people in the United States do spend a lot of time in front of their television sets. About 98% of American homes have at least one TV set, and in the average home the TV is on more than six hours a day. But how much attention do people actually pay to the programs? And do people who watch TV really spend less time on other free-time activities? Recently some researchers in New York City tried to find the answers to these questions by conducting a telephone survey. They phoned more than a thousand people all over the United States and asked them questions about how they spend their free time.

No one was surprised to find out that watching TV is the most popular free-time activity in the United States. More than 70% of those asked said that they watch TV every day or almost every day. The second most popular activity that they mentioned was reading the newspaper. Listening to music at home was third, talking on the phone to friends and relatives was fourth and doing some form of exercise was fifth.

But the researchers discovered an interesting fact about Americans' TV habits. According to this survey, although most people turn the TV on every day, they do not actually watch it very much. Six out of ten people said that when the TV is on, they seldom pay attention to it. During a typical television program, they may eat dinner, do housework, read a newspaper or magazine, talk to their children or even read to them. The TV may be on, but it is just background music.

The researchers therefore concluded that television does not take Americans away from more important activities. It doesn't keep them from doing other free-time activities. In fact, when they compared people who frequently watch TV and those who seldom watch TV, they found that there were no great differences in their other activities. The frequent watchers read to their children and talk to their families just as much as the others.

(Adapted from “Reading Academic English” by Judy Rapoport, Ronit Broder and Sarah Feingold)

Which of the following could be the best tittle of the passage?

A.Do people prefer watching TV to other free-time activities?

B.The TV is on but who’s watching?

C.Is TV always bad?

D.What are people’s TV habits?

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

16 tháng 11 2017

Đáp án B

Câu nào trong các câu sau có thể là tiêu đề phù hợp nhất của đoạn văn?

A.Liệu mọi người có thích xem TV hơn các hoạt động trong giải trí khác?

B.TV đang mở nhưng ai đang xem?

C.Liệu có phải TV luôn có hại hay không?

D.Những thói quen khi xem TV của mọi người là gì? Căn cứ vào các nội dung sau của toàn đoạn văn?

Studies have shown that people in the United States do spend a lot of time in front of their television sets. (Các nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng người Mỹ thật sự sử dụng rất nhiều thời gian trước màn hình TV nhà họ).

According to this survey, although most people turn the TV on every day, they do not actually watch it very much. (Theo bản khảo sát này, mặc dù hầu hết mọi người đều bật TV hằng ngày, nhưng họ không thật sự xem TV cho lắm).

During a typical television program, they may eat dinner, do housework, read a newspaper or magazine, talk to their children or even read to them. The TV may be on, but it is just background music. (Trong suốt 1 chương trình TV cụ thể, họ có thể ăn tối, làm việc nhà, đọc báo hay tạp chí, trò chuyện với con cái họ hay thậm chí đọc truyện cho chúng nghe. TV có thể đang mở, nhưng đó chỉ là nhạc nền).