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6 tháng 8 2020

The word "its" refer to: Pluto's 

The word "It" refer to: New Horizons

6 tháng 8 2020

1."It's" in line 3 refer to solar system

2."It" in line 3 refer to the belt

VI, Read the passage and circle the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following questions orstatements:The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center that converthydrogen to helium. The Sun has existed in its present state for about four billion six hundred million yearsand is thousands of times larger than the Earth. By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what therest of the Sun’s life will be like. About five billion years from...
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VI, Read the passage and circle the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following questions or
statements:
The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center that convert
hydrogen to helium. The Sun has existed in its present state for about four billion six hundred million years
and is thousands of times larger than the Earth. By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the
rest of the Sun’s life will be like. About five billion years from now, the core of the Sun will shrink and
become hotter. The surface temperature will fall. The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate
of thermonuclear reactions. The outer regions of the Sun will expand approximately 35 million miles, about
the distance to Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun. The Sun will then be a red giant star.
Temperatures on the Earth will become too high for life to exist. Once the Sun has used up its
thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink. After it shrinks to the size of the Earth, it will
become a white dwarf star. The Sun may throw off huge amounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova

explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white dwarf. After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun
will have used up all its fuel and will have lost its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the Sun
has become a black dwarf, the Earth will be dark and cold. If any atmosphere remains there, it will have
frozen over the Earth’s surface.
66. It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun ______.
A. is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf
B. will continue to be a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion years
C. has been in existence for 10 billion years
D. is rapidly changing in size and brightness
67. What will probably be the first stage of change for the Sun to become a red giant?
A. Its surface will become hotter and shrink.
B. It will throw off huge amounts of gases.
C. Its central part will grow smaller and hotter.
D. Its core will cool off and use less fuel.

0
CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA TÍNH TỪ SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT 25. I think England has )………………weather in the world. (changeable)26. ………………hotel in Poznan is "Polonez". (comfortable)27. ………………person is Henry; he never tells a lie. (credible)28. For many years, the Beatles were )………………group. (popular)29. It's ………………town I've ever seen. (ugly)30. Winter was ………………time for us. (bad)31. The moon is the ………………planet to...
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CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA TÍNH TỪ SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT

 

25. I think England has )………………weather in the world. (changeable)
26. ………………hotel in Poznan is "Polonez". (comfortable)
27. ………………person is Henry; he never tells a lie. (credible)
28. For many years, the Beatles were )………………group. (popular)
29. It's ………………town I've ever seen. (ugly)
30. Winter was ………………time for us. (bad)

31. The moon is the ………………planet to earth. (close)
3
2. Jupiter is the ………………planet in our solar system. (large)
33. Sirius is the ………………star we can see from earth. (brilliant)
34. Venus is the ………………planet in our solar system. (hot)
35. Ceres is the ………………asteroid in our solar system. (big)
36. The Energya is the ………………rocket. (powerful)
37. Karl Henize was the ………………man in space. He was 58 years old. (old)
38. Saturn is the ………………planet. (beautiful)
39. Venus is the ………………planet in our solar system. (bright)
4
0. The Apollo project was the ………………space programme. It cost 25 541 400 000 dollars. (expensive)
41. Mercury is the ………………planet in our solar system. (small)
4
2. Romenko is the ………………man in space. He spent over 420 days in space. (experienced)
43. Pluto is the ………………planet in our solar system. (cold)     

4
15 tháng 3 2020

CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA TÍNH TỪ SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT

25. I think England has the most changeable weather in the world. 
26. The most comfortable hotel in Poznan is "Polonez".
27. The most credible person is Henry; he never tells a lie. 
28. For many years, the Beatles were the most popular group. 
29. It's the ugliest town I've ever seen.
30. Winter was the worst time for us. (bad)

31. The moon is the closest planet to earth. (close)
3
2. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. (large)
33. Sirius is the most brilliant star we can see from earth. (brilliant)
34. Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system. (hot)
35. Ceres is the biggest asteroid in our solar system. (big)
36. The Energya is the most powerful rocket. (powerful)
37. Karl Henize was the oldest man in space. He was 58 years old. 
38. Saturn is the most beautiful planet. 
39. Venus is the brightest planet in our solar system. 
4
0. The Apollo project was the most expensive space programme. It cost 25 541 400 000 dollars. 
41. Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system.
42. Romenko is the most experienced man in space. He spent over 420 days in space. 
43. Pluto is the coldest planet in our solar system.   

#chúc_bạn_học_tốt!

21 tháng 3 2020

so sánh hơn nhất thì chỉ cần thêm " the most " là được thôi nhé bạn

còn nếu có tính từ thì nhớ thêm " est " nhé

Còn thiếu chỗ nào mong chỉ bảo thêm nhé ~

#hoc_tot#

31 tháng 7 2018

Viết đề bài ko rõ, chẳng hiểu j cả

31 tháng 7 2018

Đề là gì dạ? :D

6 tháng 6 2018

Đọc đoạn dưới đây trên sao Hỏa và sử dụng thông tin để viết một tác phẩm về khả năng của sự sống trên hành tinh.

Từ lâu đã có những đồn đoán liên quan đến khả năng của sự sống và nước lỏng trên sao Hỏa. Tuy nhiên, bầu khí quyển mỏng của hành tinh ngăn không cho nước tích tụ trong bất kỳ thời gian nào trên các phần quan trọng của hành tinh. Một số bằng chứng của bề mặt hành tinh cho thấy sự hiện diện của nước lỏng tại một số điểm trong lịch sử, nhưng các nhà khoa học cho rằng nước này sẽ quá mặn hoặc chua để hỗ trợ cuộc sống như chúng ta biết. Hơn nữa, gió mặt trời dữ dội và truyền nhiệt kém trên bề mặt của nó sẽ làm cho cuộc sống bền vững hầu như không thể. Tuy nhiên, có bằng chứng thuyết phục, rằng sao Hỏa đã từng sống nhiều hơn một chút so với ngày nay.

Bắt đầu với :

Tôi nghĩ rằng không có sự sống trên sao Hỏa. Thứ nhất .........

23 tháng 6 2018

Đọc đoạn dưới đây trên sao Hỏa và sử dụng thông tin để viết một tác phẩm về khả năng của sự sống trên hành tinh. Từ lâu đã có những đồn đoán liên quan đến khả năng của sự sống và nước lỏng trên sao Hỏa. Tuy nhiên, bầu khí quyển mỏng của hành tinh ngăn không cho nước tích tụ trong bất kỳ thời gian nào trên các phần quan trọng của hành tinh. Một số bằng chứng của bề mặt hành tinh cho thấy sự hiện diện của nước lỏng tại một số điểm trong lịch sử, nhưng các nhà khoa học cho rằng nước này sẽ quá mặn hoặc chua để hỗ trợ cuộc sống như chúng ta biết. Hơn nữa, gió mặt trời dữ dội và truyền nhiệt kém trên bề mặt của nó sẽ làm cho cuộc sống bền vững hầu như không thể. Tuy nhiên, có bằng chứng thuyết phục, rằng sao Hỏa đã từng sống nhiều hơn một chút so với ngày nay. Bắt đầu với : Tôi nghĩ rằng không có sự sống trên sao Hỏa. Thứ nhất ......

"What usually happens to criminals? In the UK, when the police catch criminals. They go to court and then they usually go to prison. However in New Zealand they have a different system for young people who break the law, the system comes from the Maori people. They were the first inhabitants of New Zealand and they have ancient and respected traditions. They understand that crime hurts many people: the victim, the victim's family, the criminal's family and the criminal too. In Maori society,...
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"What usually happens to criminals? In the UK, when the police catch criminals. They go to court and then they usually go to prison. However in New Zealand they have a different system for young people who break the law, the system comes from the Maori people. They were the first inhabitants of New Zealand and they have ancient and respected traditions. They understand that crime hurts many people: the victim, the victim's family, the criminal's family and the criminal too. In Maori society, when a young person breaks the law, the community has a meeting, the people who are affected by the crime sit down together and talk about the situation. In this way, young criminals understand the effects of their actions. They have to meet the person who they have hurt. For example teenagers who have been in a fight have to face each other again and talk about the problem. In the meetings, families decide what the young offender must do in order to compensate their victims. One of the most important things that the offender has to do is apologise to the victim. This is a very difficult and uncomfortable thing for most young offenders to do. If a teenager steals something from a classmate, the community asks him or her to say sorry to the classmate, Most young people say this is the hardest thing to do. The Maori system helps young people to change their behaviour, it tries to bring something positive from a negative situation, and most of the time it succeeds."

Do you think the Maori system is a good idea? Why?/ Why not?

1
23 tháng 5 2017

Do you think the Maori system is a good idea? Why?/ Why not?

=> Yes , I do. Because it helps young people to change their behaviour, it tries to bring something positive from a negative situation, and most of the time it succeeds.

24 tháng 5 2017

Đúng ra phải có từ 50 -> 70 từ cơ.

Mình làm được 1 bài rồi nhưng muốn tham khảo thêm bài các bạn.

I think the Maori system is a good idea because it can educate young people without violence. That way won't give any bad memory to the youth. The youth will learn how to say sorry to other people. But some young wouldn't understand. They still think their actions are correct. Or because they don't afraid of saying sorry. They still do it after they have apologised. So I think Maori people should have a stricter system.

#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#Dear Ronnie How are you?Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project...
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#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#
Dear Ronnie
 How are you?
Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project is 'Ways to Mare my School Better' - is that right? Well, first of all, how (2)________ taking about the rules? Are there any rules that the students (3)_____ like to change? Have you spoken(4)_______ your classmates about any of the rules that they don't like? Why don't you suggest some new rules? I've got a second idea for your project too. How about talking about the clubs at the school? You might have some nice ideas about new hobbies for the pupils. Is there a music club (5)__________ a film-making club? Why don't you suggest some new clubs that are interesting for people your age? The third idea I had was about the buildings in the school. Why don't you suggest ways to make the buildings (6)_________ nicer? How about some pictures or photos on the walls inside the school? That (7)________ make the classrooms look good. Do you think the teachers would like that idea? Anyway, I hope (8)________ideas are helpful. I look forward to reading your project. Send it to me (9)_________email when you have finished it. Let me know (10)_________you need any more help.
Bye for now.
John
    

Giúp mk vs nha. Thanks:333

 

3
14 tháng 2 2020

0. Some

1. Very

2. How

3. Would

4. To

5. Or

6. Look

7. Can

8. These

9. By

10. if

14 tháng 2 2020

Trần Thu Hà số (2) là j v bạn

#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#Dear Ronnie How are you?Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project...
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#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#
Dear Ronnie
 How are you?
Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project is 'Ways to Mare my School Better' - is that right? Well, first of all, how (2)________ taking about the rules? Are there any rules that the students (3)_____ like to change? Have you spoken(4)_______ your classmates about any of the rules that they don't like? Why don't you suggest some new rules? I've got a second idea for your project too. How about talking about the clubs at the school? You might have some nice ideas about new hobbies for the pupils. Is there a music club (5)__________ a film-making club? Why don't you suggest some new clubs that are interesting for people your age? The third idea I had was about the buildings in the school. Why don't you suggest ways to make the buildings (6)_________ nicer? How about some pictures or photos on the walls inside the school? That (7)________ make the classrooms look good. Do you think the teachers would like that idea? Anyway, I hope (8)________ideas are helpful. I look forward to reading your project. Send it to me (9)_________email when you have finished it. Let me know (10)_________you need any more help.
Bye for now.
John
    

Giúp mk vs nha. Thanks:333

 

0
Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

IV, Write a suitable word in each blank to complete the passage. Three ways everyone can help make the Earth a greener place is to reduce, reuse, and recycle! When people reduce it means they are using (1)……………. of something. This allows us to create less waste. Turning off the (2)………………. when we brush our teeth is a simple way to reduce. This is a small action that prevents us from wasting water. Another small action people can take is to reuse things we already have....
Đọc tiếp

IV, Write a suitable word in each blank to complete the passage. Three ways everyone can help make the Earth a greener place is to reduce, reuse, and recycle! When people reduce it means they are using (1)……………. of something. This allows us to create less waste. Turning off the (2)………………. when we brush our teeth is a simple way to reduce. This is a small action that prevents us from wasting water. Another small action people can take is to reuse things we already have. Taking bags to the store when we shop for food is one way to reuse them. Using both (3)…………….. of piece of paper before getting a new one is another way to reuse. (4)………………. is when new materials are created from old ones. Paper, plastic, and metalare all materials that can be recycled. Things like newspapers, soda cans, and plastic bags can all be turned into new objects if we take the time to recycle them!

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5 tháng 8 2021

IV, Write a suitable word in each blank to complete the passage.

Three ways everyone can help make the Earth a greener place is to reduce, reuse, and recycle! When people reduce it means they are using (1)……less………. of something. This allows us to create less waste. Turning off the (2)……faucet…………. when we brush our teeth is a simple way to reduce. This is a small action that prevents us from wasting water. Another small action people can take is to reuse things we already have. Taking bags to the store when we shop for food is one way to reuse them. Using both (3)………sides…….. of piece of paper before getting a new one is another way to reuse. (4)………Recycling………. is when new materials are created from old ones. Paper, plas, and metalare all materials that can be recycled. Things newspapers, soda cans, and plas bags can all be turned into new objects if we take the time to recycle them!

5 tháng 8 2021

IV, Write a suitable word in each blank to complete the passage.

Three ways everyone can help make the Earth a greener place is to reduce, reuse, and recycle! When people reduce it means they are using (1) little  of something. This allows us to create less waste. Turning off the (2) water when we brush our teeth is a simple way to reduce. This is a small action that prevents us from wasting water. Another small action people can take is to reuse things we already have. Taking bags to the store when we shop for food is one way to reuse them. Using both (3) when of piece of paper before getting a new one is another way to reuse. (4) recycling is when new materials are created from old ones. Paper, plas, and metalare all materials that can be recycled. Things newspapers, soda cans, and plas bags can all be turned into new objects if we take the time to recycle them!