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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Mol: x x x
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 → 2Fe + 3H2O
Mol: y 3y 2y
Ta có hpt:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80x+160y=14\\x+3y=0,225\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,075\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh.kim.loại}=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,075.64+2.0,05.56=10,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Theo 2 pthh trên: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,225.18=4,05\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,225.2=0,45\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:
\(m_{oxit\left(CuO,Fe_2O_3\right)}+m_{H_2}=m_{\text{kim loại}\left(Cu,Fe\right)}+m_{H_2O}\\ \rightarrow m_{\text{kim loại}\left(Cu,Fe\right)}=14+0,45-4,05=10,4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
a) PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+2H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=20\cdot80\%=16\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=20-16=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}+n_{CuO}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35\cdot22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{hhB}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot56+0,05\cdot64=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
a) Vì khối lượng Cu bằng \(\dfrac{6}{5}\) khối lượng Fe
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=\dfrac{26,4}{6+5}\cdot6=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=26,4-14,4=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,4}{64}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9}{28}+0,225=\dfrac{153}{280}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{153}{280}\cdot22,4=12,24\left(l\right)\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{28}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3}{28}\cdot160\approx17,14\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,225\cdot80=18\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=35,14\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,14}{35,14}\cdot100\%\approx48,78\%\\\%m_{CuO}=51,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2=V/22,4=5,04/22,4=0,225(mol)
Gọi a,b lần lượt là sô mol của Fe2O3 và CuO
pt1: Fe2O3 + 3H2-t0-> 2Fe +3H2O
cứ::1.................3..........2.............3 (mol)
vậy: a----------->3a------>2a (mol)
pt2: CuO +H2 -t0-> Cu +H2O
cứ:: 1...........1.............1........1 (mol)
vậy: b--------->b-------->b (mol)
từ 2pt và đề ta có:
160a+80b=14
3a+b=0,225
=> a=0,05(mol) ;b=0,075(mol)
=> mFe=n.M=0,05.56=2,8(g)
mCu=n.M=0,075.64=4,8(g)
=> mhh hai kim loại= mFe +mCu=2,8+4,8=7,6(g)
c) Pt3: Zn +2HCl -> ZnCl2 +H2
cứ::;; 1............2...........1..........1 (mol)
vậy: 0,225<---0,45<---0,225<--0,225(mol)
=> mZn=n.M=0,225.65=14,625(g)
mHCl=n.M=0,45.36,5=16,425(g)
a, \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
b, \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{24}{160}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
c, n\(n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{24}{232}=\dfrac{3}{29}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
3/29 9/29
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
9/29 18/29
\(c,V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{18}{29}}{1,5}=\dfrac{12}{29}\left(l\right)\)
CuO + H2 \(\rightarrow\) Cu + H2O
x x x
Fe2O3 + 3H2 \(\rightarrow\) 2Fe + 3H2O
y 3y 2y
HPT: \(\begin{cases} 80x+160y=14 \\ x+3y=0.225 \end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\begin{cases} X=0.075 \\ y=0.05 \end{cases}\)
mkl thu=64*0.075+0.05*2*56=10.4 g
c) Zn+ 2HCl \(\rightarrow \) ZnCl2 + H2
0.225 0.45 \(\leftarrow\) 0.225
tìm dc mZn và mHCl
Ngoài ra nên dùng ĐL BTKL làm sẽ nhanh hơn vs nh2=nH2O
a) Gọi số mol H2 là x
=> \(n_{H_2O}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{H_2}=m_B+m_{H_2O}\)
=> 200 + 2x = 156 + 18x
=> x = 2,75 (mol)
=> \(V_{H_2}=2,75.22,4=61,6\left(l\right)\)
b) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=1,5a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 80a + 240a + 102b = 200
=> 320a + 102b = 200
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
a---------------->a
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
1,5a------------------>3a
=> 64a + 168a + 102b = 156
=> 232a + 102b = 156
=> a = 0,5; b = \(\dfrac{20}{51}\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,5.80}{200}.100\%=20\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,75.160}{200}.100\%=60\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20}{51}.102}{200}.100\%=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,75}{5}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeO\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{36}{72}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol FeO phản ứng là t (mol)
PTHH: FeO + H2 --to--> Fe + H2O
t--------------->t
=> 56t + (0,5-t).72 = 29,6
=> t = 0,4 (mol)
=> \(H\%=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}.100\%=80\%\)
a)
CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
b) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32.20\%}{160}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32-0,04.160}{80}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,32-->0,32---->0,32
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,04-->0,12-------->0,08
=> VH2 = (0,32 + 0,12).22,4 = 9,856 (l)
c)
mCu = 0,32.64 = 20,48 (g)
mFe = 0,08.56 = 4,48 (g)
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