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PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
\(n_{HCl\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{36,5}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH (1): \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2\cdot0,3}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{6\cdot0,3}{3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=1-0,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH (2): \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1\cdot0,4}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_A=m_{CuO}+m_{Al}=16+5,4=21,4\left(g\right)\)
% khối lượng của mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp A là:
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4\cdot100}{21,4}\approx25,2\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=100\%-25,2\%=74,8\%\)
TN1: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (a,b,c)
=> 64a + 27b + 56c = 14,3 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b----------------------->1,5b
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
c----------------------->c
=> 1,5b + c = 0,3 (2)
TN2: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (ak,bk,ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,6 (3)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}.20\%=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
ak--->0,5ak
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
bk--->0,75bk
3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
ck-->\(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\)
=> 0,5ak + 0,75bk + \(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\) = 0,4 (4)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,15\left(mol\right)\\k=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,05.64}{14,3}.100\%=22,38\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{14,3}.100\%=18,88\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,3}.100\%=58,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,3.2+0,2.3=1,2\left(mol\right)< 1,5\left(mol\right)\)
Vậy phản ứng xảy ra không hoàn toàn, dư 0,3mol HCl
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\x_{Ca}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+40y=17,6\\x=2y\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(m_{Mg}=0,4\cdot24=9,6g\)
\(m_{Ca}=0,2\cdot40=8g\)
b)\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
\(2Ca+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CaO\)
Từ hai pt: \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Ca}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,4+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,2=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,3\cdot32=9,6g\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72l\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=5V_{O_2}=5\cdot6,72=33,6l\)
a)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24.n_{Mg}+40.n_{Ca}=17,6\\n_{Mg}=2.n_{Ca}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ca}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Ca}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,4.24=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: 2Ca + O2 --to--> 2CaO
0,2-->0,1
2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
0,4--->0,2
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{kk}=6,72.5=33,6\left(l\right)\)
1,a,Gọi \(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow27a+24.0,5b=7,8\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,16}{32}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2HgO --to--> 2Hg + O2
0,01<- 0,05
\(\rightarrow m_{Hg}=0,01.201=2,01\left(g\right)\)
\(a.\)
\(n_{hh}=0.2+0.15+0.1=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_X=0.45\cdot22.4=10.08\left(l\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(m_X=0.2\cdot28+0.15\cdot71+0.1\cdot32=19.45\left(g\right)\)
\(c.\)
\(\overline{M}_X=\dfrac{19.45}{0.45}=43.22\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)
\(d.\)
\(d_{X\text{/}kk}=\dfrac{43.22}{29}=1.4\)
Nặng hơn không khí 1.4 lần
a) \(m_X=0,1\cdot64+0,2\cdot27+0,3\cdot24=19\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot64\cdot100}{19}=34\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27\cdot100}{19}=28\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=100\%-34\%-28\%=38\%\)
b) \(Cu+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (2)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) (3)
\(n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Cu}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{6\cdot n_{Al}}{2}=3\cdot0,2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(3\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2\cdot0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=\left(0,2+0,6+0,6\right)\cdot36,5=51,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3\cdot0,2}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{H_2\left(3\right)}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2\left(dkc\right)}=\left(0,1+0,3+0,3\right)\cdot24,79=17,353\left(l\right)\)
Cu ko td với HCl nhé