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a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---to---> FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,3 0,6 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2 + CuO ---to---> Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,3 0,3
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ H2 pứ hết, CuO dư
\(m_{Cu}=0,3.64=19,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(\left(mol\right)\) \(0,15\) \(0,3\) \(0,15\) \(0,15\)
\(a.V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ b.m_{MgCl_2}=95.0,15=14,25\left(g\right)\\ c.\\ PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(\left(mol\right)\) \(0,15\) \(0,15\) \(0,15\)
\(m_{Cu}=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)
a) \(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Mg}=0,2.2=0,4mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=n.M=0,4.36,5=14,6g\)
c) \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2mol\)
Thể tích khí hidro sinh ra (ở đktc):
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958l.\)
`n_[Fe]=[5,6]/56=0,1(mol)`
`n_[HCl]=[10,95]/[36,5]=0,3(mol)`
`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
`0,1` `0,2` `0,1` `(mol)`
Ta có:`[0,1]/1 < [0,3]/2`
`=>HCl` dư
`a)V_[H_2]=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)`
`b)`
`H_2 + CuO` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `Cu + H_2 O`
`0,1` `0,1` `(mol)`
`=>m_[Cu]=0,1.64=6,4(g)`
\(a,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
bđ 0,1 0,3
pư 0,1 0,2
spư 0 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, PTHH: \(H_2+CuO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
0,1------------>0,1
\(\rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)
a.b.
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,05 0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12l\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65g\)
c.
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,05 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{Cu}=0,05.64=3,2g\)
$a)$
$Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2$
$b)$
$n_{Mg}=\frac{2,4}{24}=0,1(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)$
$\to m_{MgSO_4}=0,1.120=12(g)$
$c)$
$CuO+H_2\xrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O$
Theo PT: $n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)$
$\to m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4(g)$
\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(1\right):n_{H_2}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ m_{MgSO_4}=0,1.120=12\left(g\right)\\ b,PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(2\right):n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)
a,b, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,25 0,25 0,25
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23.75\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PTHH: PbO + H2 --to--> Pb + H2O
LTL: \(0,3>0,25\rightarrow\) PbO dư
\(n_{PbO\left(pư\right)}=n_{Pb}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{chất.rắn}=\left(0,3-0,25\right).233+217.0,25=65,9\left(g\right)\)
nMg = 6 : 24 = 0,25 (mol)
pthh : Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,25 0,25 0,25
=> mMgCl2 = 0,25 . 95 = 23,75 (g)
=> VH2 = 0,25 . 22,4 = 5,6 (L)
pthh : PbO + H2 -t--> Pb + H2O
LTL : \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}\) > \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}\)
=> PbO dư
theo pthh : nPb = nH2 = 0,25 (mol)
=> mPb = 0,25 . 201 = 50,25 (G)
Câu `3:`
`n_[Mg]=[2,4]/24=0,1(mol)`
`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,2` `0,1` `0,1` `(mol)`
`a)C%_[HCl]=[0,2.36,5]/200 . 100=3,65%`
`b)m_[MgCl_2]=0,1.95=9,5(g)`
`c)V_[H_2]=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Câu `4:`
`n_[Zn]=[3,25]/65=0,05(mol)`
`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2 \uparrow`
`0,05` `0,1` `0,05` `0,05` `(mol)`
`a)C%_[HCl]=[0,1.36,5]/200 .100=1,825%`
`b)m_[ZnCl_2]=0,05.136=6,8(g)`
`c)V_[H_2]=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)`
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ a,n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)\\ b,PTHH:CuO+H_2\xrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,25.64=16(g)\)