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Gọi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 40a + 65b = 34(1)
\(MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O\)
Muối gồm :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Suy ra : 95a + 136b = 73,4(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,4
Vậy :
\(\%m_{MgO} = \dfrac{0,2.40}{34} .100\% = 23,53\%\\ \%m_{Zn} = 100\% - 23,53\% = 76,47\%\)
Gọi số mol của MgO và Zn là a và b
=> 40a + 65b = 34
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O
______a------------------->a
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
b---------------->b
=> 95a + 136b = 73,4
=> a = 0,2; b = 0,4
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%MgO=\dfrac{0,2.40}{34}.100\%=23,529\%\\\%Zn=\dfrac{0,4.65}{34}.100\%=76,471\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\\n_{MgO}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
x x ( mol )
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80x+40y=16\\135x+95y=32,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,1.80=8g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8g\)
\(\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{16}.100=50\%\)
\(\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{16}.100=50\%\)
\(m_{CuCl_2}=0,1.135=13,5g\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19g\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=12,5\\x+y=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=6\left(g\right)\\ b.Tacó:BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}.1>n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow HCldưsauphảnứng\\ Dungdịchsauphảnứnggồm:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2:0,1\left(mol\right)\\MgCl_2:0,25\left(mol\right)\\HCl_{dư}:0,8-0,7=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{ddsaupu}=200+12,5-0,35.2=212,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{212,8}.100=6,39\%;C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{212,8}.100=11,16\%;C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{212,8}.100=1,72\%\)
Đặt :
nFe = x mol
nMgO = y mol
mX = 56x + 40y = 13.6 (g) (1)
Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2
x____________x
MgO + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2O
y______________y
mM = mFeCl2 + mMgCl2 = 127x + 95y = 31.7 (2)
(1) , (2) :
x = 0.1
y = 0.2
%Fe = 5.6/13.6 * 100% = 41.17%
%MgO = 58.82%
nKOH = 0.1 * 0.2 = 0.02 (mol)
KOH + HCl => KCl + H2O
0.02____0.02
nHCl (pư) = 2nFe + 2nMgO = 0.1*2 + 0.2*2 = 0.6 (mol)
nHCl = 0.02 + 0.6 = 0.62 (mol)
VddHCl = 0.62/0.5 = 1.24 (M)
PTHH: \(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56}{13,6}\cdot100\%\approx27,45\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=72,55\%\)
b) Ta có: \(m_{CuO}=13,6-\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56\approx9,9\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,9}{80}=0,12375\left(mol\right)\)
*Làm gì có H2SO4 loãng đâu nhỉ ??
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2.8}{22.4}=0.125\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=56a+65b=6.05\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{Bảo toàn e : }\)
\(3a+2b=0.125\cdot2=0.25\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):\)
\(a=b=0.05\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.05\cdot56}{6.05}\cdot100\%=46.28\%\)
\(\%Zn=53.72\%\)
PTHH: MgO + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x__________2x_______x______x(mol)
Zn + 2 HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
y____2y_____y_____y(mol)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40x+65y=34\\95x+136y=73,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
mMgO= 0,2.40=8(g)
=> %mMgO= \(\frac{8}{34}.100\approx23,529\%\)
=> %mZn \(\approx100\%-23,529\%\approx76,471\%\)