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Ta có :
\(\text{nFeCL3=0.12 nAl2(SO4)3=0.08 nH2SO4=0.2}\)
a. nNaOH=1.94
\(\text{2NaOH+H2SO4-->Na2SO4+2H2O}\)
0.4................0.2..........................................(mol)
\(\text{nNaOH còn=1.54}\)
\(\text{FeCL3+ 3NaOH-->Fe(OH)+3NaCl}\)
0.12...............0.36............0.12..........................(mol)
\(\text{nNaOH còn =1.18}\)
\(\text{ Al2(SO4)3+ 6NaOH-->2Al(OH3)+3Na2SO4}\)
0.08.....................0.48............0.16.................................(mol)
\(\text{-->nNaOH còn=0.7}\)
\(\text{Al(OH)3+ NaOH-->NaAlO2+2H2O}\)
0.16.................0.16............0.16.......................................(mol)
nNaOh còn =0.54
Nung B 2Fe(OH)3-->Fe2O3+3H2O
0.12 0.06
m=9.6
b.mdd H2SO4 ban đầu =1.14*200=228g
-->MddC=19.5+27.36+228-0.12*107=262.02
m nước cần thêm là 400-mddC=137.98
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\text{c%NaOH dư=0.54*40/400=0.054%}\\\text{c%NaAlO2=0.16*82/400=0.0328%}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{+ nFeCl3= }\frac{19,5}{162,5}=\text{ 0.12 mol}\)
\(\text{+ nAl2(SO4)3= }\frac{27,36}{342}\text{= 0.08 mol}\)
\(\text{+ nH2SO4= }\frac{200}{98}\text{x9.8%= 0.2 mol}\)
\(\text{+ nNaOH=}\frac{77,6}{40}\text{=1.94 mol}\)
+ Cho A + NaOH ta có:
+ Kết tủa B gồm: Fe(OH)3
+ Dd C gồm: NaOH dư ; Na2SO4 ; NaCl ; NaAlO2
\(\text{a) + Chất rắn D là : Fe2O3 0.06 mol}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{mD= 160x 0.06=9.6 g }\)
b) + mdd C= 400g
\(\text{+ C% NaOH=}\text{5.4%}\)
\(\text{+ C% Na2SO4=}15,62\%\)
\(\text{+ C% NaCl=}5,625\%\)
\(\text{+ C% NaAlO2= }3,28\%\)
nFeCl3 = 0,12
nAl2(SO4)3 = 0,08
nH2SO4 = 0,2
nNaOH = 1,94
Ưu tiên phản ứng trung hòa trước: H2SO4 + 2NaOH —> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2 ——-> 0,4
FeCl3 + 3NaOH —> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
0,12 —-> 0,36
Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH —> 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
0,08 ———-> 0,48
Sau 3 phản ứng thì còn lại nNaOH = 0,7, sau đó:
Al(OH)3 + NaOH —> NaAlO2 + 2H2O
0,16 ——-> 0,16
Nung kết tủa: 2Fe(OH)3 —> Fe2O3 + 3H2O
0,12 ————>0,06
m = 9,6 gam
Phần dung dịch chứa Na2SO4 (0,44 mol), NaCl (0,36 mol), NaAlO2 (0,16 mol) và NaOH dư (0,54 mol) —> C% ll là 15,62%; 5,625 %; 3,28%; 5,4%.
a) PTHH: \(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,5\cdot0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_3}=0,2\cdot0,2=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{3}< \dfrac{0,04}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH p/ứ hết, FeCl3 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7}{300}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,05\cdot58,5=2,925\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7}{300}\cdot162,5\approx3,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{60}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{40}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{40}\cdot18=0,45\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2\cdot\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{6,2+193,8}\cdot100\%=4\%\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuSO4 còn dư, tính theo NaOH
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,1\cdot80=8\left(g\right)\)
c) PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)=100\left(ml\right)\)
