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a, ĐK: \(x\ge2\)
\(\sqrt{2x+1}-\sqrt{x-2}=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x-2}}=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x-2}}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x-2}=1\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm.
b, ĐK: \(x\ge-1\)
\(\sqrt{x+3}+2x\sqrt{x+1}=2x+\sqrt{x^2+4x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}+2x\sqrt{x+1}=2x+\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{x+3}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-1\right)+2x\left(\sqrt{x+1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}=2x\\\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x+3=4x^2\end{matrix}\right.\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\x=0\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
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1) đkxđ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét biểu thức \(P=x^3+y^3+7xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P=\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P\ge4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge8xy\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\) (*)
Thật vậy, (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^4\ge8xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+6x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) (**)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si, ta được:
VT(**) \(=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+4x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)\(=\) VP(**)
Vậy (**) đúng \(\Rightarrowđpcm\). Do đó, để đẳng thức xảy ra thì \(x=y\).
Thế vào pt đầu tiên, ta được \(\sqrt{2x-3}-\sqrt{x}=2x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Rõ ràng với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{2.3}{2}-3}+\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}}< 2\) nên ta chỉ xét TH \(x=3\Rightarrow y=3\) (nhận)
Vậy hệ pt đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;3\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ĐK: \(\frac{2}{3}\le x\le\frac{3}{2}\)
(Vế phải và vế trái đều không âm nên có thể bình phương 2 vế theo một phương trình tương đương)
pt <=> \(x^2\left(3x-2\right)+\left(3-2x\right)+2\sqrt{x^2\left(3x-2\right)\left(3-2x\right)}=x^3+x^2+x+1\)
<=> \(3x^3-2x^2+3-2x+2\sqrt{x^2\left(3x-2\right)\left(3-2x\right)}-x^3-x^2-x-1=0\)
<=> \(2x^3-3x^2+2-3x+2\sqrt{x^2\left(3x-2\right)\left(3-2x\right)}=0\)
<=> \(x^2\left(2x-3\right)+\left(2-3x\right)+2\sqrt{x^2\left(3x-2\right)\left(3-2x\right)}=0\)
<=> \(-x^2\left(3-2x\right)-\left(3x-2\right)+2\sqrt{\left(3x-2\right).x^2\left(3-2x\right)}=0\)
<=> \(x^2\left(3-2x\right)+\left(3x-2\right)-2\sqrt{\left(3x-2\right).x^2\left(3-2x\right)}=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{x^2\left(3-2x\right)}-\sqrt{3x-2}\right)^2=0\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x^2\left(3-2x\right)}-\sqrt{3x-2}=0\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x^2\left(3-2x\right)}=\sqrt{3x-2}\)
<=> \(x^2\left(3-2x\right)=3x-2\)
<=> \(-2x^3+3x^2-3x+2=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(-2x^2+x-2\right)=0\)
<=> x=1 (tm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ĐKXĐ: \(\frac{2}{3}\le x\le\frac{3}{2};x\in R\)
Pt cho tương đương: \(x\sqrt{3x-2}+\sqrt{3-2x}=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3x-2}=a;\sqrt{3-2x}=b\left(a,b\ge0\right)\). Khi đó, ta được phương trình:
\(ax+b=\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+2abx+b^2=a^2x^2+b^2x^2+a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2abx-b^2x^2-a^2=0\Leftrightarrow a^2-2abx+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-bx\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=bx\) hay \(\sqrt{3x-2}=x\sqrt{3-2x}\Leftrightarrow3x-2=3x^2-2x^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-3x^2+3x-2=0\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-3x\left(x-1\right)=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x^2-x+2\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\left(tm\right)\\2x^2-x+2=0\left(vn\right)\end{cases}}\)
Vậy PT cho có nghiệm duy nhất x=1.
Cái chỗ " 2(x-1)(x2+x+1) - 3x(x-1) = 9" bn sửa 9 thành 0 nhé, tại mik gõ vội :(
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(1,\sqrt{x+2+4\sqrt{x-2}}=5\left(x\ge2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-2}+4\right)^2}=5\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}+4=5\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2=1\Leftrightarrow x=3\\ 2,\sqrt{x+3+4\sqrt{x-1}}=2\left(x\ge1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+4\right)^2}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+4=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=-2\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\left(\sqrt{x-1}\ge0\right)\)
\(3,\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}}=\sqrt{2}\left(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2};x\ne1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{2x-1}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2=-\sqrt{2x-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=2x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\left(tm\right)\\x=1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(4,\sqrt{x-2+\sqrt{2x-5}}=3\sqrt{2}\left(x\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-4+2\sqrt{2x-5}}=6\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+1\right)^2}=6\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}+1=6\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}=5\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-5=25\Leftrightarrow x=15\left(TM\right)\)
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1) \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=5-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=2^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{3}\) (ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=3+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
3) \(\sqrt{43-x}=x-1\) (ĐK: \(x\le43\))
\(\Leftrightarrow43-x=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1=43-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-42=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\left(tm\right)\\x=-6\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(x-\sqrt{4x-3}=2\) (ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x-3}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x-3=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=4x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\left(tm\right)\\x=1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+3=2\sqrt{x}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}=3-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(tm\right)\)
1)
\(\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+1=5\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2=5-1=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm `x=2` hoặc `x=-2`
2)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-1=3\\ \Leftrightarrow2x=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm `x=2`
3)
\(ĐKXĐ:x\le43\)
PT trở thành:
\(43-x=\left(x-1\right)^2=x^2-2x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow43-x-x^2+2x-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^2+x+42=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-6\left(tm\right)\\x=7\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm `x=-6` hoặc `x=7`
4)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
PT trở thành:
\(\sqrt{4x-3}=x-2\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-3=\left(x-2\right)^2=x^2-4x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-3-x^2+4x-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^2+8x-7=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\x=7\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm \(x=1\) hoặc \(x=7\)
5)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
PT trở thành:
\(\sqrt{x+3}=2\sqrt{x}+2\\ \Leftrightarrow x+3=\left(2\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2=4x+8\sqrt{x}+4\\ \Leftrightarrow x+3-4x-8\sqrt{x}-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-3x-8\sqrt{x}-1=0\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
Khi đó:
(1)\(\Leftrightarrow3t^2+8t+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{-4+\sqrt{13}}{3}\left(loại\right)\\t=\dfrac{-4-\sqrt{13}}{3}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT vô nghiệm.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
đặt \(a=\sqrt{x+3}\), \(b=\sqrt{x-1}\)
khi đó \(\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}=ab\) và \(4=a^2-b^2\)
PT: (a - b)(1 + ab) = a2 - b2 hay (a - b)(1 + ab) = (a - b)(a + b).
* a - b = 0 (tự giải).
* 1 + ab = a + b hay 1 + 2ab + (ab)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
hay 1 + (x2 + 2x - 3) = (x + 3) + (x - 1) (tự giải)
mik rất muốn tl giúp bạn nhưng mik ms có hok lớp 8 thôi Ayakashi