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\(VT=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Ta chứng minh bđt phụ \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\forall x,y,z>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2zx\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2-2yz+z^2+z^2-2zx+x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào các số a,b,c dương :
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b}\cdot ab}=2\sqrt{a^4}=2a^2\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2;\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ca\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\) (do áp dụng (1)) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 3:
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\ge ab+bc+ca\) ( tự cm bđt nha )
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^3}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^3}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c = 1
Bài 4:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\dfrac{b}{2}\)
( BĐT AM - GM )
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge b-\dfrac{c}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c
Tiếp sức cho Tú đệ
Bài 1: \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{ab}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{ab}=a+b\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\ge VP."="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 2: Holder:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^4}{bc^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{ca^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{ab^2}\right)\left(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}\right)\left(c+a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}\ge a+b+c\)
AM-GM: \(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a}\cdot\dfrac{ca}{b}}=2c\)
Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế:
\("=" \Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Áp dụng bổ đề:
\(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{19b^3-a^3}{ab+5b^2}+\dfrac{19c^3-b^3}{bc+5c^2}+\dfrac{19a^3-c^3}{ac+5a^2}\)
\(\le\dfrac{20b^3-ab\left(a+b\right)}{ab+5b^2}+\dfrac{20c^3-bc\left(b+c\right)}{bc+5c^2}+\dfrac{20a^3-ca\left(c+a\right)}{ac+5a^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{b\left(4b-a\right)\left(5b+a\right)}{ab+5b^2}+\dfrac{c\left(4c-b\right)\left(5c+b\right)}{bc+5c^2}+\dfrac{a\left(4a-c\right)\left(5a+c\right)}{ac+5a^2}\)
\(=4b-a+4c-b+4a-c=3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
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a) Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$
b) BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Hay là \(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\),
đúng.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$
c) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+2\right)^2}{x^2+1}\ge4\Leftrightarrow x^4+4x^2+4\ge4x^2+4\Leftrightarrow x^4\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $x=0.$
d) Xét hiệu hai vế đi bạn.
Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P, ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2+a^2}=\dfrac{1}{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+\dfrac{9}{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2}\right)^2.\dfrac{9}{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{8}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{27abc}{8}}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Chứng minh: \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3\ge4xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) đúng
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) đúng
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{ab}+\dfrac{b^3+c^3}{bc}+\dfrac{c^3+a^3}{ca}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{bc}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{ca}\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
Cộng theo vế và thu gọn:
$\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Leftrightarrow 3\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
$a^3+a^3+a^3+a^3+b^3+c^3\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^{12}b^3c^3}=6a^2\sqrt{bc}$
$b^3+b^3+b^3+b^3+a^3+c^3\geq 6b^2\sqrt{ac}$
$c^3+c^3+c^3+c^3+a^3+b^3\geq 6c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn thu được:
$a^3+b^3+c^3\geq a^2\sqrt{bc}+b^2\sqrt{ac}+c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+a^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\\3+b^2\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\3+c^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\\\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}\le\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\le\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (3)
Từ (1) , (2) , (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{ab}+\dfrac{b^3+c^3}{bc}+\dfrac{c^3+a^3}{ac}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{bc}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{ca}\)
\(=a+b+b+c+c+a=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Chứng minh BĐT: \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+y\right)\left(2xy-xy\right)=xy\left(x+y\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y\)