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a) Ta có: \(N=a^2+b^2+2a-b-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=a^2+2a+1+b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\forall a,b\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=-1 và \(b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) \(a^2+25b^2+17+10b-8a=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-8a+16+25b^2+10b+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-4\right)^2+\left(5b+1\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-4\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a
\(\left(5b+1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi b
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-4\right)^2+\left(5b+1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a,b
Mà \(\left(a-4\right)^2+\left(5b+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-4\right)^2=0\\\left(5b+1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-4=0\\5b+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\5b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(5a^2+10b^2-6ab-4a+2b+3\)
\(=\left(a^2-6ab+9b^2\right)+\left(4a^2-4a+1\right)+\left(b^2+2b+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(a-3b\right)^2+\left(2a-1\right)^2+\left(b+1\right)^2+1>0\left(đpcm\right)\)
câu b đề sai ak