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Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab^2c}{c+a}+\dfrac{abc^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Để ý đẳng thức : \(\dfrac{xy}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)}+\dfrac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{xy\left(x-y\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=-1\)
Ta luôn có: \(\left(\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}+\dfrac{z}{x-y}\right)^2\ge0\) ;\(\forall x;y;z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(z-x\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge-2\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=2\)
(ĐPcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}+\dfrac{z}{x-y}=0\)
Thêm 1 ý tưởng đc buff từ cách trước :))
\(BDT\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{x^2}{\left(y-z\right)^2}-2=\left(Σ\dfrac{x}{y-z}\right)^2-2Σ\dfrac{xy}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}-2\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(Σ\left(x^3-x^2y-x^2z+xyz\right)\right)^2}{\prod\left(x-y\right)^2}-2\dfrac{Σ\left(x^2y-x^2z\right)}{\prod\left(x-y\right)}-2\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(Σ\left(x^3-x^2y-x^2z+xyz\right)\right)^2}{\prod\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge0\)
Ta có nhận xét sau:
\(\dfrac{x+2}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x^2\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}=\dfrac{yz}{zx+xy}+\dfrac{2\left(yz\right)^2}{zx+xy}\)
Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại
Ta đặt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=xy\\b=yz\\c=zx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=1\) và \(a,b,c>0\)
Biểu thức P trở thành:
\(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+c}+2\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\)
Dễ thấy:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (Nesbit)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Do đó:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2.\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Tương tự, ta được:
\(\left(2-y\right)\left(2-z\right)>=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{4}\)
và \(\left(2-z\right)\left(2-x\right)>=\left(\dfrac{y+1}{2}\right)^2\)
=>8(2-x)(2-y)(2-z)>=(x+1)(y+1)(z+1)
(x+yz)(y+zx)<=(x+y+yz+xz)^2/4=(x+y)^2*(z+1)^2/4<=(x^2+y^2)(z+1)^2/4
Tương tự, ta cũng co:
\(\left(y+xz\right)\left(z+y\right)< =\dfrac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+1\right)^2}{2}\)
và \(\left(z+xy\right)\left(x+yz\right)< =\dfrac{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(y+1\right)^2}{2}\)
Do đó, ta được:
\(\left(x+yz\right)\left(y+zx\right)\left(z+xy\right)< =\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\)
=>ĐPCM
