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3: \(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(y+x\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+x}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = x = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\).
\(x\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2+y^2=z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\frac{x^3}{z^2+x^2}=x-\frac{z^2x}{z^2+x^2}\ge x-\frac{z^2x}{2zx}=x-\frac{z}{2}\)
\(\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}=y-\frac{yz^2}{y^2+z^2}\ge y-\frac{yz^2}{2yz}=y-\frac{z}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2+y^2+4}{x+y}=\frac{z\left(x+y\right)+4}{x+y}=z-x-y+\frac{4}{x+y}+x+y\ge z-x-y+4\)
Cộng lại ra minP=4, dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(A=\frac{3x}{4}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y^2}+y=\frac{x}{4}+\frac{1}{x}++\frac{2}{y^2}+\frac{y}{4}+\frac{y}{4}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{4}.\frac{1}{x}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{y^2}.\frac{y}{4}.\frac{y}{4}}+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)=1+\frac{3}{2}+2=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=\frac{9}{2}\) khi \(x=y=2\)
Đặt \(t=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\). Vì x; y > 0 => \(\frac{x}{y}>0;\frac{y}{x}>0\). Áp dung BDT Cô - si có:
\(t=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}}=2\)
Có: \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-2.\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}=t^2-2\)
\(\frac{x^4}{y^4}+\frac{y^4}{x^4}=\left(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\right)^2-2.\frac{x^2}{y^2}.\frac{y^2}{x^2}=\left(t^2-2\right)^2-2=t^4-4t^2+4-2=t^4-4t^2+2\)
Vậy \(A=t^4-4t^2+2-\left(t^2-2\right)+t=t^4-5t^2+t+4\)
=> \(A=\left(t^4-8t^2+16\right)+3t^2+t-12=\left(t^2-4\right)^2+3t^2+t-12=\left(t^2-4\right)^2+3\left(t^2-4\right)+t\ge2\)với mọi \(t\ge2\)
Vì \(t\ge2\) => \(t^2\ge4\Rightarrow t^2-4\ge0\)
Vậy Min A = 2 khi t = 2 <=> \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=2\) <=> x = y = 1