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\(B=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{8}{9}+\dfrac{15}{16}+\dfrac{24}{25}+...+\dfrac{2499}{2500}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{3}{4}+1-\dfrac{8}{9}+1-\dfrac{15}{16}+1-\dfrac{24}{25}...+1-\dfrac{2499}{2500}\)
\(=49-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{25}+...+\dfrac{1}{2500}\right)\)
Lại có: \(49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+\dfrac{1}{4.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{50.50}\right)< 49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{50.51}\right)\)
Mà \(49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{50.51}\right)\)
\(=49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}-\dfrac{1}{51}\right)\)
\(=49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{51}\right)=\dfrac{4942}{102}\) \(\notin Z\)
Vậy B không phải là số nguyên
\(S=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\\ S=\left(1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\\ S=n-1-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< n-1\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+..+\dfrac{1}{n^2}=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow S>n-1-1=n-2\\ \Rightarrow n-2< S< n-1\\ \Rightarrow S\notin N\)
\(S_n=1-\dfrac{1}{n^2}\) xét tổng \(U_n=\dfrac{1}{n^2}\) với n >=2
cơ bản có \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
<=>\(U< 1-\dfrac{1}{n-1}\)
cơ bản có \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}>\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
<=>\(U>1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
<=>\(1-\dfrac{1}{n-1}< U< 1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
với n >2 => 1/(n-1) ; 1/(n+1) là hai phân số <1
=> U không phải là số nguyên
=> S không là số nguyên => dpcm
= \(49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{51}\right)=\dfrac{4949}{102}\notin N\)
Vậy \(S\notin N\)
\(\Rightarrow S=49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)>49-1\)\(S=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{8}{9}+\dfrac{15}{16}+...+\dfrac{2499}{2500}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1-\dfrac{1}{4}+1-\dfrac{1}{9}+1-\dfrac{1}{16}+...+1-\dfrac{1}{2500}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1-\dfrac{1}{2^2}+1-\dfrac{1}{3^2}+1-\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+1-\dfrac{1}{50^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\left(1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
Từ 2-50 có 49 số nên có 49 số 1
\(\Rightarrow S=49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)< 49\)
Nhận xét: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{50^2}< \dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...-\dfrac{1}{50}=1-\dfrac{1}{50}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)>-1\)
\(\Rightarrow S=49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)>49-1\)
\(\Rightarrow S=49-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)>48\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow48< S< 49\)
Vậy \(S\notin N\)