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ta có n Mg=nZn
=>n H2=0,2 mol
->n Zn=n Mg=0,1 mol
=>m Mg=0,1.24=2,4g
=>B
Câu 2 :
\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=64a+27b=11.8\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(BTKL:m_{O_2}=18.2-11.8=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.4}{32}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2CuO\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{O_2}=0.5a+0.75b=0.2\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.1\cdot64}{11.8}\cdot100\%=54.23\%\)
Gọi x là số mol của Al, Zn
nH2 = \(\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\) mol
Pt: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
......x........................................1,5x
.....Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
......x....................................x
Ta có: 1,5x + x = 0,6
=> x = 0,24
mhh = 0,24 . (27 + 65) = 22,08 (g)
Theo pt ta có: nHCl = 2nH2 = 2 . 0,6 = 1,2 mol
mHCl = 1,2 . 36,5 = 43,8 (g)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
Phương trình phản ứng:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x là số mol của Al và Zn.
Từ phương trình, ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{2}x+x=0.3\Rightarrow x=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(m_{Al}=0.12\times27=3.24\left(g\right)\\ m_{Zn}=0.12\times65=7.8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh}=3.24+7.8=11.04\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{AlCl_3}=0.12\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0.12\times133.5=16.02\left(g\right)\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=0.12\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0.12\times136=16.32\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{muối}=16.02+16.32=32.34\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\)
Gọi nAl = nZn = a (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a---------------------->1,5a
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a--------------------->a
=> 1,5a + a = 0,6
=> a = 0,24 (mol)
=> mhh = 0,24.27 + 0,24.65 = 22,08 (g)
Gọi \(n_{Al}=n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a a
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a a
\(\rightarrow22,4\left(a+a\right)=13,44\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,3.27=8,1\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,3.65=19,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow m_{hh}=8,1+19,5=27,6\left(g\right)\)