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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\left(\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MB}+3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\). Mà \(\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\) nên \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm, ta có
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\) hay \(\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{u}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{v}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
b.
\(\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{EM}=3\overrightarrow{EA}+3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow4\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BE}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AE}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{5}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{8}{5}\overrightarrow{BE}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) B, E, K thẳng hàng
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\).
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Tham khảo:
a) M thuộc cạnh BC nên vectơ \(\overrightarrow {MB} \) và \(\overrightarrow {MC} \) ngược hướng với nhau.
Lại có: MB = 3 MC \( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {MB} = - 3.\overrightarrow {MC} \)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BM} \)
Mà \(BM = \dfrac{3}{4}BC\) nên \(\overrightarrow {BM} = \dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow {BC} \)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow {BC} \)
Lại có: \(\overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} \) (quy tắc hiệu)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}\left( {\overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right) = \dfrac{1}{4}.\overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}.\overrightarrow {AC} \)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AM} = \dfrac{1}{4}.\overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}.\overrightarrow {AC} \)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a/ \(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BE}+\overrightarrow{CF}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{ED}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{FE}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{DF}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{ED}+\overrightarrow{DF}+\overrightarrow{FE}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{EF}+\overrightarrow{FE}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}\)
b/ Theo tính chất trung tuyến:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}\\\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{KC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\right)=...\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{BC}=...\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Theo tính chất trung điểm
\(\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{u}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{v}\).
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a/ \(\overrightarrow{DA}-\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(\overrightarrow{OD}-\overrightarrow{OC}=\overrightarrow{OD}+\overrightarrow{CO}=\overrightarrow{CD}\)
Mà \(\overrightarrow{BA}=\overrightarrow{CD}\) (t/c hình bình hành) \(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
b/ Theo tính chất trung tuyến:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}\\\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}\\2\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\\\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Tham khảo:
Ta có: \( \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AC} \) (do ABCD là hình bình hành)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {BM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AC} \)
\( \Rightarrow \) Tứ giác ABMC là hình bình hành.
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {DC} =\overrightarrow {AB} = \overrightarrow {CM} \).
\( \Rightarrow C\) là trung điểm DM.
Vậy M thuộc DC sao cho C là trung điểm DM.
Chú ý khi giải
+) Tứ giác ABCD là hình bình hành \( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BC} \)
+) ABCD là hình bình hành thì \(\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AC} \)
Gọi G là giao điểm của AK, BM thì G là trọng tâm của tam giác.
Ta có
= ![This is the rendered form of the equation. You can not edit this directly. Right click will give you the option to save the image, and in most browsers you can drag the image onto your desktop or another program.](http://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/article/2017/0214/bai-2-trang-17-sgk-hinh-hoc-lop-10_10_1487055708.jpg)
=>
=
![This is the rendered form of the equation. You can not edit this directly. Right click will give you the option to save the image, and in most browsers you can drag the image onto your desktop or another program.](http://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/article/2017/0214/bai-2-trang-17-sgk-hinh-hoc-lop-10_4_1487055708.jpg)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm đối với tổng vec tơ:
AK là trung tuyến thuộc cạnh BC nên
Từ đây ta có
= ![This is the rendered form of the equation. You can not edit this directly. Right click will give you the option to save the image, and in most browsers you can drag the image onto your desktop or another program.](http://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/article/2017/0214/bai-2-trang-17-sgk-hinh-hoc-lop-10_42_1487055708.jpg)
+![This is the rendered form of the equation. You can not edit this directly. Right click will give you the option to save the image, and in most browsers you can drag the image onto your desktop or another program.](http://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/article/2017/0214/bai-2-trang-17-sgk-hinh-hoc-lop-10_10_1487055708.jpg)
=>
= -![This is the rendered form of the equation. You can not edit this directly. Right click will give you the option to save the image, and in most browsers you can drag the image onto your desktop or another program.](http://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/article/2017/0214/bai-2-trang-17-sgk-hinh-hoc-lop-10_42_1487055708.jpg)
- ![This is the rendered form of the equation. You can not edit this directly. Right click will give you the option to save the image, and in most browsers you can drag the image onto your desktop or another program.](http://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/article/2017/0214/bai-2-trang-17-sgk-hinh-hoc-lop-10_10_1487055708.jpg)
.
BM là trung tuyến thuộc đỉnh B nên
=>
= ![This is the rendered form of the equation. You can not edit this directly. Right click will give you the option to save the image, and in most browsers you can drag the image onto your desktop or another program.](http://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/article/2017/0214/bai-2-trang-17-sgk-hinh-hoc-lop-10_10_1487055708.jpg)
+
.