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2) Có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=4\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT=4\left[\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT=4\left(ab\right)^2+4\left(ac\right)^2+4\left(bc\right)^2\)
Có: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=c^2\Leftrightarrow2ab=c^2-a^2-b^2\)
Tương tự:...
\(VT=\text{Σ}_{cyc}\left(c^2-a^2-b^2\right)^2=2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=VP\)
Có: a + \(\frac{1}{b}\) + b + \(\frac{1}{a}\) = a + b + \(\frac{a+b}{ab}\)
Để biểu thức trên là số tự nhiên thì \(\frac{a+b}{ab}\) cũng là số tự nhiên
=> \(\left\{\begin{matrix}a+b⋮a\\a+b⋮b\end{matrix}\right.\)<=>\(\left\{\begin{matrix}b⋮a\\a⋮b\end{matrix}\right.\)<=>\(\left\{\begin{matrix}a\inƯ\left(b\right)\\a\in B\left(b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> a = b
=> ƯCLN(a;b)=a=b=d
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{2}{a}\) là số tự nhiên
\(\Leftrightarrow2⋮a\Rightarrow a\le2\)
<=> 2a \(\ge\)a2
<=> a + b \(\ge\) d2 (đpcm)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx+2x^2-2x\left(y+z\right)+y^2+z^2=36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2x^2-2x\left(y+z\right)+y^2+z^2=36\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2x^2-2x\left(y+z\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\le36\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left[4x^2-4x\left(y+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)^2\right]\le36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(2x-y-z\right)^2\le36\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le36-\frac{1}{2}\left(2x-y-z\right)^2\le36\)
\(\Rightarrow-6\le x+y+z\le6\)
\(A_{min}=-6\) khi \(x=y=z=-2\)
\(A_{max}=6\) khi \(x=y=z=2\)
\(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) BĐT Cô-si
Tương tự suy ra đpcm
a) Chứng minh được BĐT \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)(*)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b
Áp dụng BĐT (*) vào bài toán ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2x+y+z}=\frac{1}{x+y+x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\\\frac{1}{x+2y+z}=\frac{1}{x+y+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\\\frac{1}{x+y+2z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT (*) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right);\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right);\frac{1}{z+x}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\cdot\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
b) áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\\\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{b+c-a+a+c-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\\\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+a+c-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT ta có:
\(2VT\ge\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}=2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=2VP\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
