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Đặt \(\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Ta cần chứng minh
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le1\)
Áp dụng AM-GM, ta có: \(x^3+y^3+1=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xyz\)
\(\ge\left(x+y\right)xy+xyz=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le\dfrac{1}{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta được
\(....\le\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}.\dfrac{x+y+z}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{xyz}=1\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Nhận xét: Với x,y > 0 ta có:
\(4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^2\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{x+y}{4xy}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Xảy ra khi x = y
Áp dụng và bài ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\);
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Cộng 3 vế bđt có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
3.
\(\dfrac{2a^2}{b^2}+2\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi
+ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\dfrac{a}{c}\)
......
tương tự với 2 cái sau
\(A=\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=\dfrac{2a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{2b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{2c^2}{2c^2+ab}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\dfrac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\)
\(=3-\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}-\dfrac{ac}{2b^2+ac}-\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\)
CM: \(P=\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)
Thật vậy:
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2+2b^2ac+a^2c^2+2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{a^2bc+a^2bc+b^2c^2+b^2ac+b^2ac+a^2c^2+c^2ab+c^2ab+a^2b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{ab\left(ac+bc+ab\right)+bc\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+ac\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
\(=1\)
\(2A=3-P\le3-1=2\)
\(2A\le2\Leftrightarrow A\le1\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow1\le x\le y\le z\le2\)
\(B=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+3\) (1)
Do \(x\le y\le z\Rightarrow\left(z-y\right)\left(y-x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz\ge y^2+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{z}+1\ge\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{y}\)
Tương tự: \(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}\)
Cộng vế: \(2+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)+5\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{z}{x}=t\Rightarrow1\le t\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(t+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}-5+10\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\dfrac{2t^2-5t+2}{t}+10=\dfrac{\left(t-2\right)\left(2t-1\right)}{t}+10\le10\)
\(B_{max}=10\) khi \(t=2\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+2ab}=\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{1^2}=4\)\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(A=a+b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\)
\(=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{4a}\right)+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{a\cdot\dfrac{1}{4a}}+2\sqrt{b\cdot\dfrac{1}{4b}}+3\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3\cdot4}{4}=5=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)