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\(a.n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{17,8\%.200}{36,5}=\dfrac{356}{365}\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{356}{365}}{2}\\ \Rightarrow Znhết,HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(dùng\right)}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dùng\right)}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ c.n_{HCl\left(Dư\right)}=\dfrac{356}{365}-0,2=\dfrac{283}{365}\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{6,5+200}.100\approx6,586\%\)
\(C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{283}{365}.36,5}{6,5+200}.100\approx13,705\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15 ( mol )
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5.100}{14,6}=75g\)
\(m_{ddspứ}=2,7+75-0,15.2=77,4g\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{77,4}.100=17,24\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{77,4}.100=0,38\%\)
Câu 1:
CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\times9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{CuO}=\frac{1}{5}n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{5}< 1\) ⇒ H2SO4 dư
Dung dịch sau pư gồm: H2SO4 dư và CuSO4
Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=3,2+200=203,2\left(g\right)\)
Theo Pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}pư=n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,2-0,04=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,16\times98=15,68\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}dư=\frac{15,68}{203,2}\times100\%=7,72\%\)
Theo Pt: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuSO_4}=0,04\times160=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CuSO_4}=\frac{6,4}{203,2}\times100\%=3,15\%\)
Câu 2:
ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O
\(n_{ZnO}=\frac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\times24,5\%=49\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo Pt: \(n_{ZnO}=n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{ZnO}=\frac{1}{5}n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{5}< 1\) ⇒ H2SO4 dư
Dung dịch sau pư gồm: H2SO4 dư và ZnSO4
Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}pư=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,5-0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\times98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{39,2}{208,1}\times100\%=18,84\%\)
Theo pT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\times161=16,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\frac{16,1}{208,1}\times100\%=7,74\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\
m_{\text{dd}}=6,5+200-\left(0,1.2\right)=206,3g\)
bài 2 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6g\\
V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\
m\text{dd}=4,8+200-0,4=204,4g\\
C\%=\dfrac{0,2.136}{204,4}.100\%=13,3\%\)
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{300.7,3\%}{100\%}=21,9g\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6mol\\ HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=n_{HCl}=0,6mol\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.9,8\%}{100\%}=19,6g\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2mol\\ H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=0,2.2=0,4mol\\ n_{NaOH}=0,4+0,6=1mol\\ m_{NaOH}=1.40=40g\\ m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{40}{5\%}\cdot100\%=800g\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500.14,6\%}{36,5}=2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{2}{6}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ nHCl (dư) = 2 - 0,6 = 1,4 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 5,4 + 500 - 0,3.2 = 504,8 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,4.36,5}{504,8}.100\%\approx10,12\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{504,8}.100\%\approx5,29\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}=25,55\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{25,55}{35,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
bđ 0,3 0,7
pư 0,3 0,6
spư 0 0,1 0,3 0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b)
mdd = 16,8 + 175 - 0,3.2 = 191,2 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.127}{191,2}.100\%=19,93\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{191,2}.100\%=1,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}}{36,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,7}{2}\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\
m_{\text{dd}}=16,8+175-\left(0,3.2\right)=191,2\left(g\right)\\
n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.127}{191,2}.100\%=19,92\%\)
=> HCl dư
Sửa đề: 8,4 gam Fe
\(a,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.175}{36,5.100}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
ban đầu 0,15 0,7
phản ứng 0,15 0,3
sau pư 0 0,4 0,15 0,15
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{dd}=8,4+175-0,15.2=183,1\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.127}{183,1}.100\%=10,4\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{183,1}.100\%=7,97\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT: \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.20}{100}=40\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{40}{98}=\dfrac{20}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{20}{49}}{3}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{53}{490}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{53}{490}.98=10,6\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = mAl2O3 + m dd H2SO4 = 210,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{10,6}{210,2}.100\%\approx5,04\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2}{210,2}.100\%\approx16,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{65}{65}=1mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
1 < 0,8 ( mol )
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4 ( mol )
\(m_{ddspứ}=200+65-0,4.2=264,2g\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.136}{264,2}.100=14,93\%\\C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{264,2}.100=0,3\%\\C\%_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1-0,4\right).65}{264,2}.100=14,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)