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PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
Bđ____0,05______0,2
Pư____0,05______0,1______0,05
Kt_____0_______0,1_______0,05
C/m sau pư: CaCO3 hết, HCl dư
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupư}=m_{CaCO_3}+m_{ddA}-m_{CO_2}=5+0,2.36,5+32,7-0,05.44=42,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCldư}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%ddHCl=\dfrac{3,65}{42,8}.100\%\approx8,5\%\)
\(C\%ddCaCl_2=\dfrac{0,05.111}{42,8}.100\%\approx12,97\%\)
nHCl= 4,48/22,4= 0,2(mol)
=> mHCl= 0,2.36,5= 7,3(g)
=> mddHCl= 32,7+7,3= 40(g)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
nCaCO3= 5/100= 0,05(mol)
Ta có: 0,2/2 > 0,05/1
=> HCl dư, CaCO3 hết, tính theo nCaCO3.
=> DD sau phản ứng gồm dd HCl (dư) và dd CaCl2
nCO2= nCaCl2= nCaCO3= 0,05 (mol)
nHCl(p.ứ)= 0,05.2= 0,1(mol)
=> nHCl(dư)= 0,2- 0,1= 0,1(mol)
=> mCaCl2= 111.0,05= 5,55(g)
mHCl(dư) = 0,1.36,5= 3,65(g)
mCO2= 0,05.44= 2,2(g)
mddsauphảnứng= 40+ 5 - 2,2= 42,8(g)
=> C%ddCaCl2= (5,55/42,8).100 \(\approx\) 12,967%
C%ddHCl(dư) = (3,65/42,8).100 \(\approx\)8,528%
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3CuCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3Cu\\ n_A=n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_B=n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ m_B=m_{Cu}=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)\\ C_{MddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
Fe2O3+3H2SO4+->Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O
\(=>\dfrac{mH2SO4}{147}.100\%=20\%=>mH2SO4=29,4g\)
\(=>nFe2O3=\dfrac{1}{3}nH2SO4=\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,1mol\)
\(=>a=mFe2O3=0,1.160=16g\)
\(=>C\%Fe2\left(SO4\right)3=\dfrac{0,3.400}{147+16}.100\%=73,7\%\)
a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
\(m_{H_2}=0,15.2=0,3\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98.100\%}{200}=7,35\%\)
c, mdd sau pứ = 2,7 + 200 - 0,3 = 202,4 (g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{202,4}=8,45\%\)
\(n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{2,7}{135}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\\ b,n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=2.0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_D=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=98.0,02=1,96\left(g\right)\\ Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CuO+H_2O\\ n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_E=m_{CuO}=0,02.80=1,6\left(g\right)\)
a. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)
=> mNaOH = 40(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)
\(a)ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\\ b)n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{300.3,65}{100.36,5}=0,3mol\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6g\\ m_{HCl.dư}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).36,5=3,65g\\ m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8g\\ c)C_{\%ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{13,6}{8,1+300}\cdot100=4,41\%\\ C_{\%HCl.dư}=\dfrac{3,65}{8,1+300}\cdot100=1,18\%\)
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=3,65\%.300=10,95\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) PTHH : \(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1
b) Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
Sau phản ứng gồm có : ZnCl2 và dd HCl dư
\(m_{ZnCl2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,1.2\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ddspu}=8,1+300=308,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddHCldư}=\dfrac{3,65}{308,1}.100\%=1,18\%\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{13,6}{308,1}.100\%=4,41\%\)
