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a) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Cu(OH)2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+98y=20,5\\160.\dfrac{x}{2}+80y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x= 0,1 ; y=0,1
=> \(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.107}{20,5}.100=52,2\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=47,8\%\)
b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.\dfrac{3}{2}+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=20,5+122,5=143\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{143}.100=13,97\%\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{143}.100=11,19\%\)
c) \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05.3+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=122,5.110\%=134,75\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: 3Fe3O4 + 8Al --to--> 4Al2O3 + 9Fe
=> \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{n_{Al_2O_3}}=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
P1: Gọi (nAl; nFe; nAl2O3) = (a;b;c)
PTHH: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O --> 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
0,04<---------------------------------0,06
=> a = 0,04 (mol)
Chất rắn không tan là Fe
\(b=\dfrac{20,16}{56}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
Có: \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{n_{Al_2O_3}}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{9}{4}\) => c = 0,16 (mol)
P2: Gọi (nAl; nFe; nAl2O3) = (ak;bk;ck)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
ak------------------>1,5ak
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
bk------------------>bk
=> 1,5ak + bk = 0,63
=> k = 1,5
Bảo toàn Fe: \(n_{Fe_3O_4\left(X\right)}=\dfrac{b+bk}{3}=\dfrac{0,36+0,36.1,5}{3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn Al: \(n_{Al\left(X\right)}=a+2c+ak+2ck=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0,3.232}{0,3.232+0,9.27}.100\%=74,12\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,9.27}{0,3.232+0,9.27}.100\%=25,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol KHCO3, K2O là a, b (mol)
\(n_{BaCO_3}=\dfrac{11,82}{197}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn C: \(n_{KHCO_3\left(bđ\right)}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,06 (mol)
TH1: X chứa K2CO3, KOH
PTHH: K2O + H2O --> 2KOH
b------------->2b
KOH + KHCO3 --> K2CO3 + H2O
0,06<--0,06----->0,06
=> X chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}K_2CO_3:0,06\left(mol\right)\\KOH:2b-0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do 2 chất tan có cùng nồng độ mol
=> Số mol 2 chất tan bằng nhau
=> 2b - 0,06 = 0,06
=> b = 0,06 (mol)
m = 0,06.100 + 0,06.94 = 11,64 (g)
TH2: X chứa K2CO3, KHCO3
PTHH: K2O + H2O --> 2KOH
b------------->2b
KOH + KHCO3 --> K2CO3 + H2O
2b---->2b------->2b
=> X chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}KHCO_3:0,06-2b\left(mol\right)\\K_2CO_3:2b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 0,06 - 2b = 2b
=> b = 0,015 (mol)
=> m = 0,06.100 + 0,015.94 = 7,41 (g)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_M=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=2a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a.MM + 54a = 15,6 (1)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
M0 - 2e --> M+2
a--->2a
Al0 - 3e --> Al+3
2a-->6a
Cl20 + 2e --> 2Cl-1
0,6-->1,2
2H+1 + 2e --> H20
0,4<--0,2
Bảo toàn e: 2a + 6a = 1,6
=> a = 0,2
Thay vào (1) => MM = 24 (g/mol)
=> M là Mg
b) Xét \(m_{Mg}+m_{Al}=0,1.24+0,2.27=7,8\left(g\right)\)
=> Không có khí thoát ra
=> pư tạo ra sản phẩm khử là NH4NO3
PTHH: 4Mg + 10HNO3 --> 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
0,1---->0,25
8Al + 30HNO3 --> 8Al(NO3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O
0,2--->0,75
=> nHNO3 = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 (mol)
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(2FeCl_3+Cu\rightarrow CuCl_2+2FeCl_2\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=2\cdot\dfrac{16}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{32}{64}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Cu còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuCl_2}=0,1\cdot135=13,5\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(K_2O+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O\)
\(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2O}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot94}{0,1\cdot94+0,3\cdot158}\cdot100\%\approx16,55\%\\\%m_{K_2SO_3}=83,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{KCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=74,5\cdot0,8=59,6\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{hh}=56,8\left(g\right)\\m_{SO_2}=0,3\cdot64=19,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{SO_2}=237,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{59,6}{237,6}\cdot100\%\approx25,1\%\)
Gọi \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Cu}=3a\left(mol\right)\)
\(232a+64.3a=21,2\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=125.14,6\%=18,25\left(g\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe3O4 + 8HCl ---> FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
0,05------>0,4------->0,05---->0,1
\(m_X=0,05.3.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=232.0,05+125=136,6\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{136,6}.100\%=4,65\%\\C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.162,5}{136,6}.100\%=11,9\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{18,25-0,4.36,5}{136,6}=2,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)