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PTHH:
\(Zn+H_2SO_4--->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(Cu+H_2SO_4--\times-->\)
a. Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%_{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{6,5}{19,3}.100\%=33,7\%\)
\(\%_{m_{Cu}}=100\%-33,7\%=66,3\%\)
b. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Đổi 200ml = 0,2 lít
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
c. Ta có: \(V_{dd_{ZnSO_4}}=V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=0,2\left(lít\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{ZnCl_2}\\n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0.3\cdot65}{35,5}\cdot100\%\approx54,93\%\\\%m_{Cu}=45,07\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{500}\cdot100\%=4,38\%\\m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\cdot136=40,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=35,5-0,3\cdot65=16\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=518,9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{518,9}\cdot100\%\approx7,86\%\)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,12}{56}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl -->FeCl2 + H2
_____0,02->0,04--->0,02--->0,02
=> VH2 = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(l)
b) mFeCl2 = 0,02.127 = 2,54(g)
c) \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}=0,2M\)
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
1 2 1 1
0,02 0,04 0,02 0,02
nFe=\(\dfrac{1,12}{56}\)= 0,02(mol)
a). nH2=\(\dfrac{0,02.1}{1}\)= 0,02(mol)
→VH2= n . 22,4 = 0,02 . 22,4 = 0,448(l)
b). nFeCl2= \(\dfrac{0,02.1}{1}\)= 0,02(mol)
→mFeCl2= n . M = 0,02 . 127 = 2,54(g)
c). 200ml = 0,2l
nHCl= \(\dfrac{0,02.2}{1}\)=0,04(mol)
→CM= \(\dfrac{n}{V}\)= \(\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}\)= 0,2M
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) (*)
Phương trình hóa học
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2 (**)
MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2O (***)
b) Từ (*) và (**) ta có \(n_{Mg}=0,15\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=10-3,6=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{3,6}{10}.100\%=36\%\)
\(\%MgO=\dfrac{6,4}{10}.100\%=64\%\)
c) Xét phản ứng (**) ta có \(m_{MgO}=6,4\left(g\right)\Leftrightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,16\left(mol\right)\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{HCl}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
Tương tự có số mol HCl trong phản ứng (*) là 0,3 mol
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,32+0,3}{0,2}=3,1\left(M\right)\)
d) Từ (1) ; (*) ; (**) ta có : \(n_{MgCl_2}=0,15+0,16=0,31\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,31.95=29,45\left(g\right)\)
e) \(C_M=\dfrac{0,31}{0,2}=1,55\left(M\right)\)
Gọi \(n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)\(;n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=18,6\\2x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{18,6}\cdot100\%=30,11\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-30,11\%=69,89\%\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4
\(n_{HCl}=0,2+0,4=0,6mol\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)