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1.Although I am hungry, I can't eat now. Despite being hungry, I can't eat now
2.Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city. Though the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
3. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
5. He couldn't sleep because of his worries. Because being worried, he couldn't sleep
6. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident. Because he drove too fast, he caused a serious accident.
7. He is tired because of staying up late last night. Because he stayed up late last night, he is tired
8. I couldn't he do the test because it was difficult. Because of the difficult test, I couldn't do it
9. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train. In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train
1. Because I am sick, I do not go out
-> Because of my sickness, I do not go out.
2. Because the water is polluted, we can't swim in that river
-> Because of the polluted water, we can't swim in that river.
3. Because Nga has had a sore leg, she has difficulty in walking.
-> Because of a sore leg, she has difficulty in walking.
4. Because he behaved badly, he found himself in trouble.
-> Because of his bad behaviour, he found himself in trouble.
5. Because it was snowing, we didn't go out for a walk.
-> Because of snowing, we didn't go out for a walk.
6. Because of his good looks, he is popular with many girls.
-> Because he is good looking, he is popular with many girls.
7. Because of his serious sickness, he couldn't come to the class.
-> Because he has a serious sick, he couldn't come to the class.
8. Because of too much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the street.
-> Because there is so much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the street.
9. Because of their good performance, they won the first prize.
-> Because they performed well, they won the first prize.
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because B. even though C. spite of D. Despite
5. Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. We all feel sad the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
8. John lost his job his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
9. We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answers.
1. The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
2. She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
3. Nam failed the final exam he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
4. We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
5. We didn’t go for a walk it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
6. They decided not to go out for a meal they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
7. I’m learning English I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
8. Last night we came to the show late the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
9. Lan couldn’t pass the exam she is too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. We delayed our trip BECAUSE OF the bad weather.
2. Sue’s eyes were red BECAUSE she had been crying.
3. My mother is always complaining BECAUSE OF the untidiness of my room.
4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink BECAUSE it’s polluted.
5. The trees were bend over BECAUSE OF the wind.
6. You can’t enter this secure areas BECAUSE you don’t have an official permit.
7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country BECAUSE OF the ongoing civil war.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted BECAUSE OF the extreme heat.
9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday BECAUSE he didn’t feel well.
10. We couldn’t get into the disco BECAUSE OF the enormous crowd.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. I went home early BECAUSE I was feeling unwell.
2. We decided not to go out for a meal BECAUSE we were simply too tired.
3. I couldn’t get to sleep BECAUSE OF the noise.
4. He only accepted the job BECAUSE OF the salary, which was very high.
5. Sarah can’t climb up the tree BECAUSE OF her fear of heights.
6. BECAUSE OF his age, John was not hired ALTHOUGH he had the necessary qualifications.
7. Mary came to class late BECAUSE her motorbike had a puncture.
8. Sandy didn’t go to school yesterday BECAUSE she was sick.
9. She went to bed early BECAUSE OF her tiredness.
10. I couldn’t do the test BECAUSE it was too difficult.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of
1. He didn’t come because of his sickness.
BECAUSE HE WAS SICK, He didn’t come
2. The train was late because the fog was thick.
BECAUSE OF THE THICK FOG, The train was late
3. The plane couldn’t take off because of the bad weather.
BECAUSE THE WEATHER WAS BAD, The plane couldn’t take off
4. He left the school because his family was poor.
BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILY'S POVERTY,The plane couldn’t take off
5. We couldn’t study because of the noise.
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO NOISE, We couldn’t study
6. I didn’t go swimming because it was cold.
BECAUSE OF THE COLD, I didn’t go swimming
7. These students arrive late because of the bad traffic.
BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC WAS BAD, These students arrive late
8. Mary can’t sleep because she has drunk a cup of strong coffee.
BECAUSE OF DRINKING A CUP OF STRONG COFFEE, MARY CAN'T SLEEP
9. Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
BECAUSE HE GOT UP EARLY, he wasn’t late for the first train.
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
1. He got wet_______ he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working _______ heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life _______ their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Tom wakes his parents up_______ playing the guitar very softly.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
5. Nobody could hear her_______ she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early _______the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. Many people believe him__________ he often tells a lie.
A. because B. in spite of C. although D. because of
8. _______she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family.
A. In spite of B. Because C. Because of D. Although
9. _______her absence from class yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
A. Although B. In spite of C. Because of D. Because
10. ______her poorness, she feels happy.
A. Although B. Because C. If D. In spite of
11. We all feel sad _______ the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
12. John lost his job__________ his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
13. I went to the club last Saturday________ the heavy rain.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
14. He has had this car_________ six months.
A. in B. since C. during D. for
15. We can't go to Julia's party _______ we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
16. ____ repeated assurances that the product is safe; many people have stopped buying it.
A. By B. Despite C. With D. For
17. She walked home by herself, _______ she knew that it was dangerous.
A. because B. although C. and D. but
18. _______ his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers.
A. Because of B. But for C. In spite of D. Without
19. I'll see you after the show and give you £20 for the tickets, or _______ much they cost.
A. whatever B. nevertheless C. besides D. however
20. Mai worked hard, ______ she passed her exam.
A. so B. although C. because D. though
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
1. He got wet_______ he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working _______ heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life _______ their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Tom wakes his parents up_______ playing the guitar very softly.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
5. Nobody could hear her_______ she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early _______the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. Many people believe him__________ he often tells a lie.
A. because B. in spite of C. although D. because of
8. _______she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family.
A. In spite of B. Because C. Because of D. Although
9. _______her absence from class yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
A. Although B. In spite of C. Because of D. Because
10. ______her poorness, she feels happy.
A. Although B. Because C. If D. In spite of
11. We all feel sad _______ the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
12. John lost his job__________ his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
13. I went to the club last Saturday________ the heavy rain.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
14. He has had this car_________ six months.
A. in B. since C. during D. for
15. We can't go to Julia's party _______ we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
16. ____ repeated assurances that the product is safe; many people have stopped buying it.
A. By B. Despite C. With D. For
17. She walked home by herself, _______ she knew that it was dangerous.
A. because B. although C. and D. but
18. _______ his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers.
A. Because of B. But for C. In spite of D. Without
19. I'll see you after the show and give you £20 for the tickets, or _______ much they cost.
A. whatever B. nevertheless C. besides D. however
20. Mai worked hard, ______ she passed her exam.
A. so B. although C. because D. though
Read the passage then answer the following questions:
"I will think of it."It is easy to say this; but do you know what great things have come from thinking? We can not see our thouhts, or hear, or taste, or feel them;and yet what mighty power they have! Sir Isac Newton was seated in his garden on a summer's evning, when he saw an appe fall from a tree. He began to think, and, in trying to find out why the apple fell, discoveed how the earth, sun, moon, and stars are kept in their places. A boy named James Watt sat quitly by the firside, watching the lid of the tea kette as it moved up and down. He began to think; he wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the heavy lid. From that time he went on thinking and thinking; and when he became a man, he improved the steam engine so much that it could, with the greatest ease, do the work of many horses. When you see a steamboat, a steam mill, or alocomotive, remember that it would never have been built if it had not been for the hard thinking of someone. A man named Galileo was once standing in the cathedral of Pisa, when he saw a chandelier swaying to and fro. This set him thinking, and it led to the invention of thependulum. James Ferguson was a poor Scotch shepherd boy. Once, seeing the inside of a watch, he was filled with wonder. "Why should I not make a watch?" thought he. But how was he to get the materials out of which to make the wheels and the mainspring? He soon found how to get them: he made the mainspring out of a piece of whalebone. He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. He began, also, to copy pictures with a pen, and portraits with oil colors. In a few years, while still a small boy, he earned money enough to support his father. When he became a man, he went to London to live. Some of the wisest men in England, and the king himself, used to attend his lectures. His motto was, "I will think of it;" and he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world.When you have a difficult lesson to learn, don't feel discouraged, and ask someone to help you before helping yourselves.Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A/Great geniuses didn't have to think.
B/We should always think.
C/Isaac Newton was a thinker.
D/Galileo was a thinker.
2. What caused Galileo to invent the pendulum?
A/Seeing a cathedral.
B/Thinking about apples.
C/Seeing a chandelier swing and thinking.
D/Thinking about gravity.
3. Why did the king attend James Ferguson's lectures?
A/Because Ferguson taught about pendulums.
B/Because Ferguson was a brilliant thinker.
C/Because the king was jealous of Ferguson's intelligence.
D/Because Ferguson was an entertaining speaker.
4.How is Galileo similar to Isaac Newton?
AThey were born at the same time.
BThey have nothing in common.
CThey are both great thinkers.
DThey both discovered gravity.
5.Why did James Ferguson decide to make a watch?
A/Because he was curious after seeing the inside of a watch.
B/Because the king asked him to.
C/Because he needed to support his sick father and mother.
D/Because he was poor and needed the money.
Read the passage then answer the following questions:
"I will think of it."It is easy to say this; but do you know what great things have come from thinking? We can not see our thouhts, or hear, or taste, or feel them;and yet what mighty power they have! Sir Isac Newton was seated in his garden on a summer's evning, when he saw an appe fall from a tree. He began to think, and, in trying to find out why the apple fell, discoveed how the earth, sun, moon, and stars are kept in their places. A boy named James Watt sat quitly by the firside, watching the lid of the tea kette as it moved up and down. He began to think; he wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the heavy lid. From that time he went on thinking and thinking; and when he became a man, he improved the steam engine so much that it could, with the greatest ease, do the work of many horses. When you see a steamboat, a steam mill, or alocomotive, remember that it would never have been built if it had not been for the hard thinking of someone. A man named Galileo was once standing in the cathedral of Pisa, when he saw a chandelier swaying to and fro. This set him thinking, and it led to the invention of thependulum. James Ferguson was a poor Scotch shepherd boy. Once, seeing the inside of a watch, he was filled with wonder. "Why should I not make a watch?" thought he. But how was he to get the materials out of which to make the wheels and the mainspring? He soon found how to get them: he made the mainspring out of a piece of whalebone. He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. He began, also, to copy pictures with a pen, and portraits with oil colors. In a few years, while still a small boy, he earned money enough to support his father. When he became a man, he went to London to live. Some of the wisest men in England, and the king himself, used to attend his lectures. His motto was, "I will think of it;" and he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world.When you have a difficult lesson to learn, don't feel discouraged, and ask someone to help you before helping yourselves.Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A/Great geniuses didn't have to think.
B/We should always think.
C/Isaac Newton was a thinker.
D/Galileo was a thinker.
2. What caused Galileo to invent the pendulum?
A/Seeing a cathedral.
B/Thinking about apples.
C/Seeing a chandelier swing and thinking.
D/Thinking about gravity.
3. Why did the king attend James Ferguson's lectures?
A/Because Ferguson taught about pendulums.
B/Because Ferguson was a brilliant thinker.
C/Because the king was jealous of Ferguson's intelligence.
D/Because Ferguson was an entertaining speaker.
4.How is Galileo similar to Isaac Newton?
A/ They were born at the same time.
B/ They have nothing in common.
C/ They are both great thinkers.
D/ They both discovered gravity.
5.Why did James Ferguson decide to make a watch?
A/Because he was curious after seeing the inside of a watch.
B/Because the king asked him to.
C/Because he needed to support his sick father and mother.
D/Because he was poor and needed the money.
1. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
In spite of …being rich. she can't afford to buy the car…
2. Although his life is hard, he managed to get over the problems.
In spite of ………the fact that his life is hard, she managed to get over the problems……….
3. Although I made an effort to explain, she didn’t understand what I said.
In spite of …the fact that I made an effort to explain, she didn't understand what I said…
4. The lady laughed a lot. She didn’t find the joke amusing at all.
In spite of ………the fact that the lady laughed a lot, she didn't find the joke amusing at all…………
5. Although he hadn’t finished the paper, he went to sleep.
Despite…not having finished the paper, he went to sleep….
6. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
Despite……………encountering difficulties, he always studies hard…………….
7. She walked slowly because her leg was injured.
Because of ...………her injured leg, she walked slowly…………
8. The train was late because the fog was thick.
Because of ………the thick fog, the train was late………
9. I was happy because I passed the exam.
Because of………passing the exam, I was happy…………….
10. I didn’t accept the job because the salary was low.
Because of ………the fact that the salary was low, I didn't accept the job……………
11. The plane couldn’t take off because the weather was bad.
Because of …the bad weather, the plane wouldn't take off…
12. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
Because of …his good conduct, all the teachers love him……
Change Clause of reason to phrases or vice-versa. ( because of => because; because=> because of)
1 Many families break up because of a lack of money.
Many families break up because they lack money.
2 Because of an explosion of gas line, severa houses burned down
Because the gas line explosed , severa houses burned down
3 We postponed our trip because of the bad driving conditions
We postponed our trip because of the driving conditions are bad.
4 I could not make a good choice because of many advertisements
I could not make a good choice there are many advertisements.
5 Rice plants grown well because the climate is warm and damp
Rice plants grown well becauseof the warm and damp climate.
6 We have to cut down on our driving because of the oi shortage
We have to cut down on our driving because of there is an oil shortage.
7 The World Trade Center fell down because it was acttacked by terrorist
The World Trade Center fell down because of the attack of the terrorist.
8/ The student understood that mathetical problem very well because his teacherexplained it clearly.
The student understood that mathetical problem very well because of the clear explanation of his teacher.
9 He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowned and narrow
He couldn't drive fast because of the crowded and narrow street.
10 I couldn't get to sleep ast night because of the noise in the next apartment
I couldn't get to sleep last night the loud noise in the next apartment.
11 Because of the busy pace of morden life, many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world
Because the modern life's is busy many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world
12 He was refused because he lacked experiment
He was refused because his lack of experiment
Change Clause of reason to phrases or vice-versa. ( because of => because; because=> because of)
1 Many families break up because of a lack of money.
=> Many families break up because they lacked money.
2 Because of an explosion of gas line, severa houses burned down
=> Because the gas line exploded, several houses burned down.
3 We postponed our trip because of the bad driving conditions
=> We postponed our trip because the driving conditions were bad.
4 I could not make a good choice because of many advertisements
=> I could not make a good choice because there were many advertisements.
5 Rice plants grown well because the climate is warm and damp
=> Rice plants grown well because of the warm and damp climate.
6 We have to cut down on our driving because of the oi shortage
=> We have to cut down on our driving because there was not enough oil.
7 The World Trade Center fell down because it was acttacked by terrorist
=> The World Trade Center fell down because of being attacked by terrorists.
8/ The student understood that mathetical problem very well because his teacherexplained it clearly.
=> The student understood that mathematical problem very well because of his teacher's clear explanation.
9 He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowned and narrow
=> He couldn't drive fast because of the crowded and narrow street.
10 I couldn't get to sleep ast night because of the noise in the next apartment
=> I couldn't get to sleep last night because the next apartment was noisy.
11 Because of the busy pace of morden life, many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world
=> Because the pace of modern life is busy, many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world.
12 He was refused because he lacked experiment
=> He was refused because of his lack of experiment.