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3/ Ta có:
\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2;y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2;z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c;b+c=-a;c+a=-b\)
\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
Ta có:
\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)
\(=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)
1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-z=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
1) \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}+\frac{2}{xy}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
B1:dài quá :vv
B2:\(Q=\frac{x^2}{x^4+x^2+1}=\frac{x^2}{x^4+2x^2+1-x^2}=\frac{x^2}{\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2}=\frac{x^2}{\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x}{x^2-x+1}.\frac{x}{x^2+x+1}=\frac{2}{3}.\frac{x}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(\frac{x}{x^2-x+1}=\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{x^2-x+1}{x}=\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow\frac{x^2-x+1}{x}+2=\frac{3}{2}+2\Rightarrow\frac{x^2+x+1}{x}=\frac{7}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{x^2+x+1}=\frac{2}{7}\Rightarrow Q=\frac{2}{3}.\frac{2}{7}=\frac{4}{21}\)
3.
Ta có: \(a^5-a=a\left(a^4-1\right)=a\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)=a\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\)
\(=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4+5\right)=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a-2\right)\left(a+2\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
Do a(a-1)(a+1)(a-2)(a+2) là tích của 5 số hạng liên tiếp nên chia hết cho 2,3 và 5
Lại có a(a-1)(a+1) là tích của 3 số hạng liên tiếp nên chia hết cho 2,3 suy ra 5a(a-1)(a+1) chia hết cho 2,3,5
Từ đó:a(a-1)(a+1)(a-1)(a+2)+5a(a-1)(a+1) chia hết cho 2,3,5 hay a(a-1)(a+1)(a-2)(a+2)+5a(a-1)(a+1) chia hết cho 30 \(\Leftrightarrow a^5-a\) chia hết cho 30
Tương tự ta có\(b^5-b\) chia hết cho 30, \(c^5-c\) chia hết cho 30
Do đó:\(a^5-a+b^5-b+c^5-c⋮30\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^5+b^5+c^5-\left(a+b+c\right)⋮30\)
Mà a+b+c=0 nên;
\(a^5+b^5+c^5⋮30\left(ĐCCM\right)\)
Nhân cả 2 vế với a+b+c
Chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) tương tự với \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)luôn đúng do a;b>0
dễ rồi nhé
b) \(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel (mình nói bđt như vậy,chỗ này bạn cứ nói theo cái bđt đề bài cho đi) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=>Pmax=3/4 <=> x=y=z=1/3
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
1/ Đặt
\(\frac{a}{b^2}=x,\frac{b}{c^2}=y,\frac{c}{a^2}=z,xyz=1\)thì ta có
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-xy-yz-zx+x+y+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=1;z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}=1;\frac{b}{c^2}=1;\frac{c}{a^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b^2;b=c^2;c=a^2\)
2/ Đặt
\(ab=x,bc=y,ca=z\) cần tính
\(P=\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{z+x}{z}=\frac{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)\left(-z\right)}{xyz}=-1\)
Xét \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
1:
a: \(B=\dfrac{3x^2+3-x^2+2x-1-x^2-x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x-1}{2x^2-5x+5}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x^2+x+1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2x^2-5x+5}=\dfrac{1}{2x^2-5x+5}\)
b: \(2x^2-5x+5=2\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{25}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{8}\ge\dfrac{15}{8}\forall x\)
=>B<=8/15
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=5/4