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\(a,\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x^2-3\right)}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x^2-3\right)=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-x^2+3=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-2x=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-5}{2}\)
\(b,\dfrac{x+3}{x}+\dfrac{x-3}{x-2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-2\right)}{x\left(x-2\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-2\right)=2x\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-8x+6=2x^2-4x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1,5\)
Bài 2:
a) Ta có: \(\Delta=\left(m-1\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-m^2-2\right)\)
\(=m^2-2m+1+4m^2+8\)
\(=5m^2-2m+9>0\forall m\)
Do đó, phương trình luôn có hai nghiệm phân biệt với mọi m
Bài 1:
ĐKXĐ \(2x\ne y\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2x-y}=a;x+3y=b\)
HPT trở thành
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{3}{2}\\4a-5b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}-b\\4\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-b\right)-5b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}-b\\6-9b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{8}{9}\\a=\dfrac{11}{18}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=\dfrac{8}{9}\\2x-y=\dfrac{18}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x-\dfrac{18}{11}\\x+3\left(2x-\dfrac{18}{11}\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{82}{99}\\y=\dfrac{2}{99}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(ĐK:x\ne3;x\ne2\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{x-3}\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}+1+\dfrac{x^2}{x-2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x-3}=0\\\dfrac{x^2+x+2}{x-2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-2\\x^2+x+2=0\left(vô.n_0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ : \(xy\ne0\)
- Đặt \(x+\dfrac{1}{y}=t\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2=x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{2x}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=t^2-\dfrac{2x}{y}\)
Lại có từ PT ( II ) : \(\dfrac{x}{y}=3-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=3-t\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2x}{y}=6-2t\)
- Thay vào PT ( I ) ta được : \(t^2-\left(6-2t\right)+3-t=3\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2-6+2t+3-t-3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2+t-6=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=2\\t=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1 : t = 2 .
=> \(x=y\)
Thay lại vào PT ( II ) ta được : \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+1-2x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=1\) ( TM )
TH2 : t = -3 .
=> \(x=6y\)
Thay lại vào PT ( II ) ta được : \(6y+\dfrac{1}{y}+6-3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow6y^2+1+3y=0\)
Vô nghiệm .
Vậy hệ phương trình có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{\left(1;1\right)\right\}\)
\(ĐK:x\ne-1\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-4=x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=5\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{3}\left(tm\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{y-1}=a\), hpt tở thành
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x+1}+a=10\\\dfrac{1}{x-2}+3a=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15}{x+1}+3a=30\left(1\right)\\\dfrac{1}{x-1}+3a=18\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)-\left(2\right)\), ta được:
\(\dfrac{15}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x-1}=12\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{15x-15-x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=12\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-12=14x-16\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-14x+4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{10}{3}+\dfrac{1}{y-1}=10\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{10y-7}{3\left(y-1\right)}=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow30y-30=10y-7\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{23}{20}\)
Với \(x=\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow3+\dfrac{1}{y-1}=10\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{y-1}=7\Leftrightarrow7y-7=1\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{8}{7}\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left\{\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{23}{20}\right);\left(\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{8}{7}\right)\right\}\)
\(ĐK:x\ne3\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{x-3}\left(-x-1+x^2-2x-7\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x-3}=0\\x^2-3x-8=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-2\\x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{41}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{41}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(ĐK:x,y\ne0\\ HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}=4\\\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=2\\\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+1=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}-\dfrac{x-2}{x-3}=3\) (ĐK: \(x\ne1;x\ne-3\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+x+3x+3\right)-\left(x^2-x-2x+2\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+x+3x+3-x^2+x+2x-2}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x+1=3\left(x^2-x+3x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+6x-9-7x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\3x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)