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Bài 1:
\(n_{NaOH}=0,25.2=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=0,25x\left(mol\right)\\ 3NaOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\left(1\right)\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\left(dư\right)\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(còn\right)}=\dfrac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\Đặt:n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=a\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=b\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,5\\b-\dfrac{1}{3}a=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C_{MddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{133,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 3NaOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\left(1\right)\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(còn\right)}=\dfrac{11,7}{117}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=a\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=b\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{3}a=0,2\\\dfrac{1}{3}a-b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow V=V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6+0,1}{1}=0,7\left(l\right)\)
Bài 1:
400ml dd E chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:0,4x\left(mol\right)\\Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3:0,4y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét TN2:
\(n_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{33,552}{233}=0,144\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,144}{3}=0,048\left(mol\right)\)
=> y = 0,12
Xét TN1:
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{8,424}{78}=0,108\left(mol\right)\)
nNaOH = 0,612.1 = 0,612 (mol)
Do \(3.n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}< n_{NaOH}\) => Kết tủa bị hòa tan 1 phần
PTHH: Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH --> 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3
0,048------>0,288------------------->0,096
AlCl3 + 3NaOH --> 3NaCl + Al(OH)3
0,4x--->1,2x------------------>0,4x
Al(OH)3 + NaOH --> NaAlO2 + 2H2O
(0,324-1,2x)<-(0,324-1,2x)
=> 0,096 + 0,4x - (0,324-1,2x) = 0,108
=> x = 0,21
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,21}{0,12}=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Bài 3:
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{200.1,71\%}{342}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
- Nếu kết tủa không bị hòa tan:
PTHH: 6NaOH + Al2(SO4)3 --> 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3
0,03<-------------------------------0,01
=> \(C_M=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
- Nếu kết tủa bị hòa tan 1 phần
PTHH: 6NaOH + Al2(SO4)3 --> 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3
0,06<---0,01-------------------------->0,02
Al(OH)3 + NaOH --> NaAlO2 + 2H2O
0,01---->0,01
=> \(C_M=\dfrac{0,06+0,01}{0,2}=0,35M\)
1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)
=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)
2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2
3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2
=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)
=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)
MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
nBa(OH)2 = 0,2 (mol)
nH2SO4 = 0,1 (mol)
=> Ba(OH)2 dư 0,1 mol
Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 -> BaSO4 + 2H2O
0,1...............0,1 ..........0,1 (mol)
C%Ba(OH)2 = \(\frac{0,1.171}{200+100-0,1.233}.100\%\approx6,18\%\)
