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1. Thực hiện phép tính bằng cách hợp lí :
a) (-46) + (-125) + 46 + 25 = [(-46)+46] + [(-125)+25]
= 0+(-100) = -100
b) 25.(-15) + 25.(-5) + (-20).75 = 25.[(-15)+(-5)] + (-20).75
= 25.(-20) + (-20).75 = (-20).(25+75) = (-20).100 = -2000
c) (-151)+(-37)+(-42)+(-63)+142 =(-151)+[(-37)+(-63)]+[(-42)+142]
= (-151) + [(-100) + 100] = -151
d)32+(-149)+(-311)+(-89)+(-51) = 32+[(-149)+(-51)] + [(-311)+(-89)]
= 32+[(-200)+(-400)] = 32+(-600) = -568
e)-65.(87-17)-87.(17-65) = (-65).87 - (-65).17 - 87.17 + 87.65
= (-65).87 + 65.17 - 87.17 + 87.65 = [(-65).87+87.65] + 65.(17-87)
= 65.(-70) = -4550
g) -43.(53-16) - 53.(16-43) = (-43).53 - (-43).16 - 53.16 + 53.43
= (-43).53 + 43.16 - 53.16 + 53.43 = [(-43).53+53.43] + 16.(43-53)
= 16.(-10) = -160
45-58+(-45)+(+58)-3=45-58-45+58-3=(45-45)+(58-58)-3=-3
(-57)-(-12)+3-(-57)=-57+12+3+57=(-57+57)+12+3=15
-(-24)-(-30)+(-24)-30+8=24+30-24-30+8=(24-24)+(30-30)+8=8
-(-12)+(+19)-(+12)+8-19=12+19-12+8-19=(12-12)+(19-19)+8=8
47-(-53)+(-47)-(+53)=47+53-47-53=(47-47)+(53-53)=0
-(+28)+32-(-28)+(-34)=-28+32+28-34=(-28+28)-(34-32)=-2
15-(+72)+(-15)+(+72)=15-72-15+72=(15-15)+(72-72)=0
20-(+46)+(-25)-(-46)=20-46-25+46=(20-25)+(46-46)=-5
28-(-32)+(-28)-32+5=28+32-28-32+5=(28-28)+(32-32)+5=5
-75+(-49)+(+75)+49-12=-75-49+75+49-12=(-75+75)+(49-49)-12=-12
\(...=45-58-45+58-3=-3\)
\(...=-57+12+3+57=15\)
\(...=24+30-24-30+8=8\)
\(...=12+19-12+8-19=8\)
\(...=47+53-47-53=0\)
\(...=-28+32+28-34=-2\)
\(...=15-72-15+72=0\)
\(...=20-46-25+46=-5\)
\(=...28+32-28-32+5=5\)
\(...=-75-49+75+49-12=-12\)
a) \(-\left(76-35+15\right)+\left[18-27+\left(-17\right)\right]\)
\(=-76+35+15+18-27-17\)
\(=-52\)
b) \(167+\left[127-235-\left(-16\right)\right]+\left(-67\right)\)
\(=167+127-235+16-67\)
\(=8\)
c) \(\left(-19\right)+165-\left[27+\left(-21\right)-\left(+72\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(-19\right)+165-27+21+72\)
\(=212\)
d) \(89.\left(-2\right)+\left[20+\left(-2\right).\left(-5\right)-85\right]\)
\(=\left(-178\right)+\left(20+10-85\right)\)
\(=\left(-178\right)+20+10-85\)
\(=-233\)
3:
a: -5x-16=-46
=>-5x=-46+16=-30
=>5x=30
=>\(x=\dfrac{30}{5}=6\)
b: -80-(-16-x)=20
=>\(-x-16=-80-20=-100\)
=>x+16=100
=>x=100-16=84
2:
a: \(\left(45-3456\right)+3456\)
\(=45+3456-3456\)
=45
b: \(\left(77+22-75\right)-\left(-25-78-13\right)\)
\(=77+13+22+78-75+25\)
\(=90+100-50\)
=140
c: \(-25\cdot63-25\cdot37\)
\(=-25\left(63+37\right)\)
\(=-25\cdot100=-2500\)
a) 16 = 2⁴
42 = 2.3.7
ƯCLN(16; 42) = 2
ƯC(16; 42) = Ư(2) = {1; 2}
b) 16 = 2⁴
42 = 2.3.7
86 = 2.43
ƯCLN(16; 42; 86) = 2
ƯC(16; 42; 86) = Ư(2) = {1; 2}
c) 25 = 5²
75 = 3.5²
ƯCLN(25; 75) = 5² = 25
ƯC(25; 75) = Ư(25) = {1; 5; 25}
d) 25 = 5²
55 = 5.11
75 = 3.5²
ƯCLN(25; 55; 75) = 5
ƯC(25; 55; 75) = Ư(5) = {1; 5}
a) \(4^8\cdot4^4=\left(2^2\right)^8\cdot\left(2^2\right)^4=2^{16}\cdot2^8=2^{16+8}=2^{24}\)
b) \(5^{12}\cdot7-5^{11}\cdot10\)
\(=5^{11}\cdot\left(5\cdot7-10\right)=5^{11}\cdot\left(35-10\right)=5^{11}\cdot25\)
\(=5^{11}\cdot5^2=5^{11+2}=5^{13}\)
d) \(27^{16}:9^{10}\)
\(=\left(3^3\right)^{16}:\left(3^2\right)^{10}=3^{48}:3^{20}=3^{48-20}=3^{28}\)
e) \(125^3:25^4=\left(5^3\right)^3:\left(5^2\right)^4=5^9:5^8=5^{9-8}=5\)
f) \(24^4:3^4-32^{12}:16^{12}\)
\(=\left(24:4\right)^4-\left(32:16\right)^{12}\)
\(=6^4-2^{12}\)
\(=2^4\cdot\left(3^4-2^8\right)=2^4\cdot-175=-2800\)
1)
a: (36-16).(-5)+6.(-14-6)
=20.(-5)+6.(-20)
=20.(-5)+(-6).20
=20.(-5+-6)
=20.(-11)
=-220
2)
a/x+(-23)=(-100)+77
x+(-23)=-23
x=(-23)+(-23)
x=0
Vậy x=0
