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Trẻ thông minh có nhiều khả năng sống lâu hơn và không bị bệnh, theo nghiên cứu cho thấy Theo một nghiên cứu mới cho thấy chỉ số IQ cao ở trẻ em, kết quả là cuộc sống của các em học sinh gặp phải rắc rối từ bạn học vì quá thông minh sẽ có tiếng cười cuối cùng. Các nhà nghiên cứu tại Đại học Edinburgh, Oxford và University College London đã theo dõi hơn 65.000 người tham gia cuộc khảo sát Khảo sát Tâm thần Scottish năm 1947, tuổi từ 11 tới để tìm hiểu xem thông minh khi còn nhỏ đã ảnh hưởng đến cuộc sống của họ và cái chết. Họ khám phá ra rằng vào tuổi 79, có IQ cao làm giảm nguy cơ tử vong vì bệnh tim, đột qu,, ung thư và các bệnh về đường hô hấp. "Tôi đang lạc quan về những kết quả này," giáo sư Ian Deary, thuộc Đại học Edinburgh, người dẫn đầu nghiên cứu cho biết, "Tôi hy vọng nó có nghĩa là nếu chúng ta có thể tìm hiểu những gì người thông minh làm và sao chép chúng, thì chúng tôi có cơ hội sống lâu hơn và khỏe mạnh hơn. Chúng ta vẫn chưa hiểu tại sao trí thông minh từ thời thơ ấu và tuổi thọ lại có liên quan, và chúng ta đang giữ một tâm trí cởi mở. Phong cách sống (ví dụ: không hút thuốc), giáo dục, đọc viết về sức khoẻ, ít bị tước đoạt và di truyền học có thể đóng một phần. Chúng tôi và các nhóm nghiên cứu khác đang thử nghiệm những ý tưởng này. " Nguy cơ tử vong thấp thậm chí còn tồn tại khi tính đến các yếu tố có thể ảnh hưởng đến kết quả, chẳng hạn như tuổi, giới tính và tình trạng kinh tế xã hội. Trong thực tế thiếu thốn, chẳng hạn như thất nghiệp, quá tải, và điều kiện sống bất lợi khác được cho là chỉ chiếm khoảng 30 phần trăm của mối tương quan giữa IQ-mortality.
Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in danger. Many species of animals are threatened, and could easily become(1)..........if we do not make an effort to protect them. There are many reasons for this. In some cases, animals are hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies. Some bird, (2)............as parrots are caught alive and sold as pets. For many animals and birds, the problem is that their habitat the place where they live is disappearing. More(3)......... is used for farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open spaces than there once were. Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them groww better crops, but these chemicals pollute(4)..........the environment and harm wildlife. The most successful animal on earth-human beings will soon be th only ones left, (5)...........we can solve this problem.
1. A.extintct B.lost C.empty D.disappeared
2. A.such B.where C.like D.or
3. A.area B.earth C.land D.soil
4. A.the B.that C.an D.a
5. A.because B.however C.if D.unless
Ex2:
Although most families in the United States enjoy a high living standard, many Amerrican women have to work(1).......... at home and in their offices. Despite their husband's (1)..........of the housewwork, women have to do most of the housekeeping tasks. In single-parent families, the mothers may not have (3)..........children to take care of, but they have to raise their families alone and have to provide for all the housekeeping money. Therefore, the (4)..........mothers have to work very hard to earn their living. More over, in spite of the fact that the single mothers have all the (5).........conveniences at their homes, they find that bringing up their teenage children alone is not easy
1. A.hardly B.hard C.fast D.equally
2. A.share B.need C.refusal D.responsibility
3. A.few B.much C.many D.some
4. A.dependent B.lonely C.alone D.single
5. A.expensive B.saving C.comfortable D.modern
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
Doctors say that regular aerobic exercise leafs to a healthier heart. Jogging,(1)..........., riding a bicycle, and other aerobic exercises lower the risk of heart disease. In one kind of heart disease, fatty stuff called plaque builds up in blood vessels(2)..........to the heart. Aerobic exercise helps prevent this build up> Aerobic exercise also(3)..........the heart and lúng stronger.
Doctors say you(4)............do 20 to30 minutes of aerobic exercise at least three times a week. You need(5).........hard enough to get your heart beating. You can use two fingers to feel a beat, or pulse, in your wrist or neck.
1. A.walking B.walk C.walks D.walked
2. A.which goes B.that going C.whcih to go D.going
3. A.made B.makes C.making D.make
4. A.would B.must C. should D.have to
5. A. to exercise B.exercising C.exercise D.exercised
Theo các nhà nghiên cứu, những người không muốn ngủ có nguy cơ mắc bệnh đau tim gấp đôi nguy cơ đau tim bình thường . Các nhà khoa học cho biết thức giấc thường xuyên vào ban đêm được xem như một lời cảnh báo về sức khoẻ không lành mạnh trong tương lai. Nghiên cứu gần đấy cho thấy rằng 13.000 người là những người phải vật lộn để ngủ vào ban đêm là 99% có nguy cơ bị đau tim hoặc đau thắt ngực nghiêm trọng. Những người mất hơn nửa giờ để ngủ hoặc ngủ ít hơn sáu giờ đồng hồ cũng có nguy cơ gia tăng bệnh . Nghiên cứu của Nhật Bản đã không xác định được lý do tại sao lại có một mối liên hệ mạnh mẽ giữa giấc ngủ và sức khoẻ của trái tim. Nhưng các nhà khoa học cho biết, hành động thức tỉnh liên tục có thể gây ra tình trạng "kích hoạt quá mức" trong hệ thần kinh, làm tăng nhịp tim và huyết áp, gây thêm căng thẳng lên tim. Ngủ kém cũng có thể là triệu chứng của tình trạng sức khoẻ kém, có nghĩa là những người có vấn đề về tim ít có khả năng ngủ ngon giấc. Cuộc nghiên cứu cho thấy những người phải mất hơn nửa giờ để ngủ có nguy cơ đau tim tăng 52% và 48% nguy cơ cơ thể bị đột quỵ tăng cao. Và những người có ít hơn sáu giờ để ngủ một đêm là 24 % nhiều khả năng bị đau tim.