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1. have
a. I have had this laptop since my birthday.
(Tôi có cái laptop này từ sinh nhật tôi.)
b. We had dinner in the garden last night.
(Chúng tôi ăn tối ngoài vườn tối qua.)
2. not buy
a. I didn’t buy a new jacket in the sale last weekend.
(Tôi đã không mua cái áo khoác giảm giá cuối tuần trước.)
b I haven’t bought any new clothes for months.
(Tôi đã không mua bất cứ món quần áo nào nhiều tháng nay rồi.)
3. leave
a. I left school at five.
(Tôi nghỉ học lúc 5 tuổi.)
b I have left your dinner in the fridge. You can eat it later.
(Tôi để bữa tối trong tủ lạnh. Bạn có thể ăn sau.)
4. not text
a. I didn’t text you last night because I don't have your number.
(Tôi đã nhắn tin cho bạn tối hôm qua bởi vì tôi không biết số của bạn.)
b. Jim haven’t texted his girlfriend since Monday. She's a bit upset about it.
(Jim đã không nhắn tin với bạn gái từ thứ Hai rồi. Cô ấy hơi thất vọng.)
a. We use the second conditional to describe an unreal or imaginary situation and its result.
(Chúng ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 để mô tả những sự kiện không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng ra và kết quả của chúng.)
If shops didn't exist (imaginary situation), we would buy (result) everything online.
(Nếu các cửa hàng không tồn tại (tình huống tưởng tượng), chúng ta sẽ mua (kết quả) mọi thứ trên mạng.)
We use the (1) past simple in the if clause and we use (2) would + (3) infinite in the main clause.
(Chúng ta sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn trong mệnh đề if và dùng would + nguyên mẫu không to trong mệnh đề chính.)
b. We can put the main clause first. In this case, we don't need the comma.
(Ta có thể để mệnh đề chính lên trước. Trong trường hợp này, ta không cần dấu phẩy.)
I'd buy you a present if I had enough money.
(Tôi sẽ mua cho cậu một món quà nếu tôi có đủ tiền.)
c. We use could to mean would + be able to. It is also the past simple of can.
(Ta dùng could với nghĩa là would + be able to. Nó cũng là thể quá khứ đơn của can.)
If I won the lottery, I could stop work.
(Nếu tôi thắng xổ số, tôi có thể nghỉ việc.)
If she could speak English, she'd get a job in the USA.
(Nếu cô ấy có thể nói tiếng Anh, cô ấy có thể có việc ở Mỹ.)
The world would be much better if money didn’t exist.
If money didn’t exist, how would you buy things?
If you needed something, you would make it.
If you couldn’t make it, you would swap with somebody else.
So if I wanted a new mobile phone, how would I get it?
If money didn’t exist, life wouldn’t be better for poor people.
If nobody had any money, everybody would be equal.
1.After I had had dinner,I watched TV
2.After we had bought a newspaper,we had a coffee
3.After we had played tennis,we went home
4.When my cousin phoned,I had gone to sleep
5.When we arrived at the match,Mesi had scored two goals
6.When their mother got home,the children had done the housework
were hurrying, were sitting, was talking, wasn’t looking, was singing, (was) playing, were shouting, (were) waving, (were) carrying, (were) running, was standing, was he wearing, was looking
II. Put the verbs in the past perfect or past simple.
1. I went to the box office at lunch time, but they _______had already sold_________________ (already/ sell) all the tickets.
2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I ______________went_____ (go) straight to bed.
3. I felt better by the summer, but the doctor warned me not to do too much. I _______had been______ (be) very ill.
4. At last, the committee were ready to announce their decision. They _______________had made___ (make) up their mind.
5. 'Was Tom at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he _______had gone_________ (go) home.'
6. Sorry I'm late. The car ________broke__________ (break) down on my way here.
7. I ________took______ (take) the book back to the library when I _____________had read________ (read) it.
8. The house was very quiet when I ___got____ (get) home. Everybody ________had gone_______ (go) out for dinner.
9. After she ______had filled__________ (fill) the basket, I ___________went__ (go) to the check out.
10. Yesterday morning I ______remembered __________ (remember) the answer t the question Bob _______had asked_________ (ask) me the night before, so I ______phoned_______ (phone) him.
11. Last night, I ______went_____ (go) to Jim’s room and _________knocked__ (knock) on the door but there __was______ (be) no answer. Either he _______had gone_______ (go) out or he __________didn't want_______ (not want) to see anyone.
12. Angel asked me how to use the photocopier. She ____had never used___________________ (never/ use) it before, so she ______didn't know___________ (not/ know) how to use.
13. Karen ________didn't want___________ (not want) to come to the cinema with us because she ______had already seen_________
________ (already/ see) the film before.
14. When the students _______had done______ (do) the experiment, they _______wrote______ (write) a report on it .
15. Two days a go I _______met_____ (meet) an old friend who I ____________hadn't seen_____ (not see) for years.
some: some important differences; some hobbies
any: any countries or continents; any coal or oil; any food; any special missions
LEARN THIS! some and any
We use some and any with uncountable and plural countable nouns. (Chúng ta dùng some và any với những danh từ không đếm được và danh từ đếm được ở dạng số nhiều.)
a. We use some in affirmative sentences. (Ta dùng some cho câu khẳng định.)
b. We use any in negatives sentences and questions. (Ta dùng any cho câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn.)
LEARN THIS! Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
a. We form the past perfect with (1) had or (2) hadn’t and the past participle.
(Chúng ta tạo thì quá khứ hoàn thành với had hoặc hadn’t với động từ ở thể quá khứ phân từ.)
b. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about past events and we want to talk about an even earlier event.
(Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành khi ai đó đang nói về những sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ và chúng ta muốn nói đến những sự kiện trước đó nữa.)
When I got to the classroom, the lesson had started.
(Khi mình đến lớp thì bài học đã bắt đầu.)
c. We often use the past perfect with after, before or when.
(Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành với after, before hoặc when.)
Before I got to the bus station, the bus had already left.
(Trước khi mình đến trạm xe buýt, thì xe buýt đã đi mất.)
After I’d called Maggie, I watched a film on TV.
(Sau khi mình gọi cho Maggie, mình xem một bộ phim trên TV.)
had thrown … away; had risen; had increased; had spilled; had kept; had sold; had thrown; had … forgotten; hadn’t saved